Module 1: Cells and Tissues Flashcards
What are the 6 levels of structural organisation?
Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ System Organismal
What are the four main tissue types?
Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous
What are the types properties and locations of epithelial tissue?
- Simple Squamous, Cuboidal and Columnar (ciliated and non-ciliated)
- Stratified Squamous (keratinised, non-keratinised), Cuboidal and Columnar (ciliated and non-ciliated)
- Pseudostratified Columnar (Ciliated and non-ciliated)
- Transitional epithelium
What are the 2 broad categories of connective tissue
Mature and embryonic
Embryonic Connective tissues can be further classified into ..?
- Mesenchyme (mesenchymal cells + ECM with !! reticular fibres)
- Mucous (Scattered fibroblasts + semi-fluid ECM) in umbilical cord
Mature Connective Tissues can be further classified into..?
Liquid: Blood and Lymph
Proper: Dense and Loose
Supporting: Bone and Cartilage
What are the types, properties and locations of Dense Connective Tissues?
Regular: Shiny white ECM, collagen fibres arranged regularly in parallel bundles with fibroblasts in-between the sheets. Muscles Tendons Aponeuroses
Irregular:
Elastic:
Elastic Fibres
What are the types, properties and locations of Loose Connective Tissues?
Areolar: All 3 types of fibres arranged randomly in ECM, with Fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, adipocytes, and mast cells.
Adipose: Made of _____ cells storing triglyceride droplets, with PM and Cytoplasm
Reticular:
What are the components of Blood?
ECM: Plasma - a yellow liquid containing nutrients, wastes,
Cells:
- Red blood cells (erythrocytes) contain haemoglobin to transport O2 To other cells
- White blood cells (leukocytes) which INCLUDe lymphocytes + Neutrophils ( move to sites of infection and are phagocytic) and Eosinophils (sites of infection and allergic reaction)
What are the components of Lymph?
ECM: less yellow than plasma
Cells:
- Lymphocytes = ____cells (Fixed i.e. splenic and alveolar, Free i.e. Dust (lungs) Kuppfer (liver) and Langerhans (skin) = Plasma cells
=Macrophages
=Mast cells: Produce Histamine
What are the components of ECM?
Ground Substance and Fibres
What makes up ground Substance?
Water + Proteins (GAG’S and Proteoglycans)
What are the properties of the fibres in ECM?
Collagen fibres:
Reticular Fibres:
Elastic Fibres:
What are the Components of Compact Bone?
Osteon:
What are the components of Spongy Bone?
Trebeculae:
Red Bone Marrow:
What are the types properties and locations of Cartilage?
Fibrous:
Hyaline:
Elastic:
What are the properties and locations of Simple Epithelia?
Squamous:
Cuboidal
- Ciliated:
- Non-ciliated:
Columnar
- Ciliated:
- Non-ciliated:
What are the properties and Locations of Stratified Epithelia?
Squamous:
- Keratinised:
- Non-keratinised:
Cuboidal:
Columnar:
What are the properties of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?
Ciliated:
Non-ciliated:
What are the types of muscle Tissue
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
What are the Nervous cells in the CNS? describe their functions.
Neurons: Multipolar, Bipolar, Unipolar, anaxonic
Neuroglia: Oligodendrocytes, Microglial cells, Astrocytes (______ and _______) and Ependymal Cells.
What are the Nervous cells in the PNS ?
Axons: Same as CNS
Neuroglia: Schwann Cells, Satellite Cells
What are the 11 Body Systems?
Integumentary Muscular Skeletal Respiratory Cardiovascular Lymphatic Endocrine Reproductive Urinary Digestive Nervous
*go through glandular epithelium flowchart
:)
Components of the integumentary system?
skin : Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis
Skin appendages : hair follicles
