Module 1 (cells and tissues) Flashcards
6 levels of structural organisation in the human body
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal
Chemical level
Atoms and molecules
Cellular level with example
A combination of chemicals, acquire specific functions - smooth muscle cells
Tissue level with example
Cells combined together performing a specific function - muscle tissue
Organ level with example
2 or more different tissues joined to provide a function - stomach
System level with example
Many organs together - digestive system
Organismal level
All systems joined together
Four main types of tissues
Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous
Eleven body systems
Integumentary, endocrine, digestive, nervous, respiratory, urinary, cardiovascular, reproductive, skeletal, muscular, immune
Integumentary system components (5)
Skin (epidermis, dermis and hypodermis), hair follicles, nails, oil glands and sensory
Integumentary system function (7)
Protection (surface and deeper tissues), temperature regulation, waste elimination, production of vitamin D, fat storage, detects sensations and insulation
Skin’s 4 parts and functions in integumentary system
Cutaneous membrane: protection
Epidermis: vitamin D production
Dermis: feeds epidermis, strength, contains glands
Hypodermis: stores fat and attaches skin to deeper layers
Hair’s 3 parts and functions in integumentary system
Hair follicles: produce hair, connects to nerves so provides sensation
Hair: protection
Sebaceous glands: lubricates hair shaft and epidermis, removes waste
Sweat glands’ function in integumentary system
Thermoregulation (evaporation through sweat)
Which systems does breast tissue belong to?
Reproductive system for nutrition for new-born and integumentary system due to being a modified sweat gland
Nails function in integumentary system
Stiffen and protect digits
Sensory receptors’ function in integumentary system
Detects sensations (touch, pressure, temperature, pain)
Muscular system components (3)
Skeletal muscles (axial and appendicular), tendons and aponeuroses
Skeletal muscles function in muscular system
Provide skeletal movement, control entrances and exits to digestive, respiratory and urinary systems, produce heat, support skeleton and protect soft tissues
Axial muscles function in muscular system
Provide support and positioning of the axial skeleton
Appendicular muscles function in muscular system
Support and move brace limbs
Tendon function in muscular system
Wire muscles to bones with fibrous connection, convert contractile forces of muscles to movement
Aponeuroses function in muscular system
Form fibrous connections between muscles, convert contractile forces of the muscles to movement
Skeletal system components
Bones, cartilage and joints, axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, red and yellow bone marrow