Module 1: Cells Flashcards
What are the six levels of structural organization?
Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, system level, organismal level
What is the chemical level of organization?
These are the building blocks of the body. It includes atoms and their joining to form molecules.
What is the cellular level of organization?
These are the basic structural and functional units of the body. There are approx. 200 types. Eg. Cardiac muscle cells.
What is the tissue level of organization?
Tissues are groups of cells and materials surrounding them which work together to perform a function. Eg. Cardiac tissue.
What are the four main classes of tissues?
Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
What is the organ level of organization?
These are structures with specific functions made up of two or more types of tissue. They tend to have recognizable shapes. Eg. the heart.
What is the system level of organization?
Systems are made up of related organs with a common function. Eg. the respiratory system
What is the organismal level of organization?
All parts of an organism functioning together to constitute the whole. Eg. the individual
What are the eleven body systems?
Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Immune Endocrine Cardiovascular Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive Nervous
What are the major components of the Integumentary system?
The skin, sweat glands, hair, nails, oil glands.
What is the function of the integumentary system?
Temperature regulation, protection, production of Vit D, waste elimination, sensory, fat storage, insulation.
What are the skin’s 3 parts and their functions in the integumentary system?
Cutaneous membrane: Protection
Epidermis: Vit D production
Dermis: Feeds epidermis, strength, contains glands
What are the hairs’ 3 parts and their functions in the integumentary system?
Hair follicle: Produces hair. Connects to nerves so provides sensation.
Hair: Protection
Sebaceous glands: lubricates hair shaft and epidermis
What is the sweat glands’ function in the integumentary system?
Regulation of temperature. NB breast tissue counts as modified sweat gland tissue
What is the nails’ function in the integumentary system?
Stiffen and protect digits
What is the sensory receptors’ function in the integumentary system?
Detect sensations (touch, pressure, temperature, pain)
What is the hypodermis’s function in the integumentary system?
Stores fat, attaches skin to deeper layers
What are the major components of the muscular system?
Skeletal muscles, Axial muscles, Appendicular muscles, tendons, aponeuroses
What is the function of the skeletal muscles in the muscular system?
Allow for movement, control entry and exit of digestive/urinary systems, produce heat, support skeleton, protect soft tissues
What is the function of the axial muscles in the muscular system?
Support and position axial skeleton (head and trunk of organism)
What is the function of the appendicular muscles in the muscular system?
Support, move and brace the limbs
What is the function of the tendons in the muscular system?
Wire muscles to bones, convert contractile forces of muscles to movement
What is the function of the aponeuroses in the muscular system?
Form connections between muscles, convert contractile forces of the muscles to movement
What is the function of the muscular system?
Movement, posture and heat production