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Blood Products > Module 1-Blood Components > Flashcards

Module 1-Blood Components Flashcards

1
Q

State the donation intervals for Whole Blood

A

Once every 56 days

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2
Q

State the donation interval for Plateletpheresis

A

Every 7 days

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3
Q

State the donation interval for Double Red Apheresis

A

112 days

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4
Q

State the minimum age requirement to donate blood

A

16 years (w/ parental consent)

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5
Q

What is the specific gravity of copper sulfate that corresponds to a hemoglobin concentrate of 12.5 g/dL

A

1.053

If hemoglobin is 12.5 or greater, blood drop should sink within 15 seconds

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6
Q

Units requiring more than 15 minutes to draw many not be suitable for preparation of which components?

A

Platelets, FFP or Cryoprecpitated AHF

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7
Q

What is considered a successful % of recovery for deglycerolized red blood cells stored in AS-1 or AS-3

A

> 80%

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8
Q

What are three methods for determining that adequacy of glycerol removal from thawed red blood cells

A
  1. Hue check-comparing the color of the final wash with a color comparator
  2. Hand held refractometer-small amount of supernatant is transferred to a measuring prism and held against a light source; the refraction value should be less than 30 to ensure that the glycerol level is <1%.
  3. Osmolality-a small amount of supernatant is transferred to an osmometer curette; the value should not exceed 400mOsm/Kg H20 to ensure the glycerol level is <1%.
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9
Q

Plasma separated from cellular blood elements must be frozen in what amount of time to preserve the activity of labeled coagulations factors and be labeled as FFP?

A

Within 8 hours

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10
Q

FFP prepared from whole blood anticoagulated with ACD must be frozen at _____C within ____hours?

A

-18 C /6 hours

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11
Q

FFP collected from units other than ACD must be collected and stored at ______ C within _____hours.

A

-18 C/8 hours

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12
Q

Plasma frozen >8 hours of collection but within 24 hours must be labeled as ________

A

PF24

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13
Q

Which coagulation factors are found in Cryoprecipitated AHF?

A

Fibrinogen, Factor VIII, Factor XIII, vWF and fibromectin

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14
Q

How is Cryoprecipiataed AHF made?

A

FFP is thawed at 1-6 C must be refrozen within 1 hour

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15
Q

Pooled Cryoprecipated AHF must contain a minimum of ________mg of fibrinogen and ______IU of Factor VIII X__________

A

150 mg of fibrinogen and 80 IU of Factor VIII x the number of components in the pool

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16
Q

AABB Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services required that sufficient plasma remain with the platelet concentrate to maintain the pH at ______ or higher for the entire storage period.

This pH level usually requires a minimum of 35 ml of plasma, but 50 to 70 ml is preferable.

A

6.2

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17
Q

Which vaccines use live, attenuated virus?

A

Measles, mumps, Rubella, yellow fever and some influenza, smallpox

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18
Q

What is the deferral period for a person who has received an allogeneic transfusion?

A

3 months

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19
Q

What is the deferral period for smallpox?

A

8 weeks

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20
Q

What is the deferral period for donating a double red (apheresis)?

A

112 days or 16 weeks

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21
Q

What is the deferral period for someone who is incarcerated for >3 consecutive days?

A

12 months

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22
Q

Residents of malaria-endemic countries are deferred for_______after departure from the country of residence

A

3 years

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23
Q

Prior residents of malaria-endemic countries who live in non-endemic countries for more than 3 consecutive years without traveling to a malaria-endemic country, will then be deferred for _________ after subsequent travel to a malaria-endemic country.

A

3 months

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24
Q

A person who is not a prior resident of a malaria-endemic country and travels to a malaria-endemic area is deferred for _______after departure from that area.

A

3 months

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25
Q

True or False
In the April 2020 Malaria Guidance from the FDA, it states you may collect platelet and/or plasma components from a donor who is a resident of a non-endemic country and who has traveled to or through a malaria endemic area without a deferral period, provided the blood component are pathogen reduced using an FDA approved pathogen reduction device effective against Plasmodium falciparum (and the donor meets all other eligibility criteria).

A

True

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26
Q

vCJD
A person who spent more than______in the UK between the years of _____ and ______ is deferred for how long?

A

3 months/1980-1996/indefinitely

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27
Q

What is the difference between the guidance for vCJD for UK and the April 2020 Guidance for France and Ireland?

A

The previous guidance include the UK and Northern Ireland, but not Ireland and France.
The time frame is 1980-2001.
If a person spent cumulative time adding up to 5 years or more. The UK guidance is 3 months or more.
The deferral is indefinite.

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28
Q

What is the deferral period for pregnancy?

A

A female that is pregnant now or has been pregnant in the past 6 weeks is deferred for the safety of the donor.

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29
Q

True or False
A person who has had malaria is deferred for three years after becoming asymptomatic while residing in a malaria-endemic country.

A

False; they are deferred for three years after becoming asymptomatic and living in a non-endemic country.

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30
Q

Give one example of a permanent deferral.

A

Donor received a human cadaver (allogeneic) dura mater transplant

[xenotransplantation is indefinitely]

Donor is on Tegison
Donor had or has Hepatitis B
Donor has a family member with vCJD

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31
Q

Babesia
A person who has had a positive test for Babesia is deferred_______

A

Indefinitely or at least 2 years from the date of the most recent reactive test result. In states where Babesia is not required, the donor is permitted only if testing is performed on the donation as a part of requalification (May 2019 Babesia Guidance)

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32
Q

What is the deferral period for a donor that has been treated for syphilis or gonorrhea?

A

3 month after completion of treatment

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33
Q

What is the deferral period for a donor that received the Hep B vaccine?

A

21 days (per ARC website?)

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34
Q

What are the indications for Washed Red Blood Cells

A

Prevent severe allergic reactions
For IgA deificient patients
For haptoglobin deficient patients

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35
Q

List three contraindication for platelet therapy

A

ITP (Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura)
DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulation)
TTP (Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura)
HIT (Heparin induced thrombocytopenia)

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36
Q

What is the dosing for platelets?

A

I unit/10kg of body weight
1 pool is 4-6 units
I unit will raise account approx 5000/microliter

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37
Q

What is the volume of a platelet apheresis?
What is the concentration?

A

200-400 ml
3.0x10*11

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38
Q

What is the calculation for a corrected count increment (CCI)

A

(Plt increment) (BSA)/Plt transfused x 1011; if no BSA given, assume 2m2
Successful transfusion: CCI> or =7500

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39
Q

What is the usual dose of plasma? FFP PF24 or Thawed Plasma

A

10-20 mL/kg

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40
Q

What is the dosing for Cryoprecipitated AHF?

A

Each cryo increase fibrinogen by 5-20 mg/dL
-reasonable target=100 mg/dL

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41
Q

What is the concentration of granulocytes in a granulocyte apheresis?
What is the volume of granulocytes collected in an apheresis unit?

A

1.0 x 10*10
260-600 ml

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42
Q

What are the FDA recommendations for residual WBCs in a leukoreduced product?

A

< or = to 5.0 x 10*6 residual WBCs/product

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43
Q

What are 3 benefits of leukoreduction?

A
  1. Decreased febrile non-hemolytic reactions
  2. Reduced risk of CMV transmission
  3. Reduced risk of HLA alloimmunization
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44
Q

What biochemical changes do RBCs go through during storage?

A

Plasma HgB increases
Plasma K+ increases
-pH decreases
-ATP viability decreases
-2,3-DPG function decreases

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45
Q

What are the acceptable pulse for donor selection?

A

50-100 bpm

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46
Q

What is the acceptable body temperature for donation

A

< or = 37.5 C or 99.5 F

47
Q

What is the donation frequency for whole blood?

A

Once every 56 days

48
Q

What is the shelf life of CPD and CP2D red blood cells?

A

21 days

49
Q

What is the shelf life of CPDA-1 red blood cells?

A

35 days

50
Q

What is the shelf life of CPD or CP2D red cells to which additive solutions (AS-1 or AS-3) have been added?

A

42 days

51
Q

What are the indications for CPDA-1 units?

A

CPDA-1 units are used for collecting pediatric patients
Additional adenine increase shelf life without adding mannitol which cannot be tolerated by infants and children

52
Q

What is the dose for irradiating a cellular component?

A

At least 25 Gy in the center of the unit, but no more than 50 Gy; all areas must receive at least 15 Gy

53
Q

True or False
All donors must undergo NAT testing for Zika virus in the U.S.

A

False as of 2021, Zika virus is no longer considered a relevant TTI.

54
Q

What is the estimated risk of Hepatitis B?

A

1:843, 000-1:1.2 million

55
Q

What is the risk of Hepatitis C in blood donation?

A

1:1.1 million

56
Q

What is the risk of HIV?

A

1:1.5 million

57
Q

What is the estimated risk of HCV transmission by transfusion?

A

1 in 1.1 million

58
Q

When should FFP be frozen after manufacturing?

A

Store the plasma at –18 C or colder within 8 hours of phlebotomy; within 6 hours of phlebotomy if anticoagulated with ACD; or as specified by the applicable regulatory authority.

59
Q

What are the storage requirements for thawed cryo?

A

Thawed Cryoprecipitated AHF prepared for transfusion must be stored at room temperature. If pooled for immediate transfusion, it must be administered within 4 hours. Thawed single units, if not entered, must be administered within 6 hours of thawing if intended for replacement of Factor VIII. Pools of thawed individual units may not be refrozen.

60
Q

What is the intended minimum dose of irradiation for the central portion of the blood container?

A

The intended dose of irradiation shall be a minimum of 25 Gy (2500 cGy) delivered to the central portion of the container. The minimum dose at any point in the components shall be 15 Gy (1500 cGy).

61
Q

Deferral for live attenuated vaccines for measles, Mumps, Polio, Typhoid or Yellow Fever

A

2 weeks

62
Q

Receipt of live attenuated viral and bacterial vaccines [German measles (rubella), chicken pox/shingles (varicella zoster)]

A

4 weeks

63
Q

SARS – CoV-2
-Individuals who received a nonreplicating, inactivated, or mRNA-based vaccine
-Individuals who received a live-attenuated viral COVID- 19 vaccine
-Individuals who are uncertain about which COVID-19 vaccine was administered

A

2 weeks

64
Q

Deferral
• Reactive test for Babesia spp.

A

2 years

65
Q

Deferral

Confirmed positive test for HBsAg4

A

Permanent

66
Q

Deferral

Repeatedly reactive test for anti-HBc on more than one occasion or Positive HBV NAT result

A

Indefinite

67
Q

Deferral

Present or past clinical or laboratory evidence of infection with HIV, HCV,8 HTLV, or T. cruzi 9

A

Indefinite

68
Q

Deferral

Incarceration in a correctional institution (including juvenile detention, lockup, jail, or prison) for 72 or more consecutive hours

A

12 months

69
Q

Deferral

Syphilis or gonorrhea
- Following the diagnosis of syphilis or gonorrhea; must have completed treatment

A

3 months

70
Q

Deferral

Donor who has a reactive screening test for syphilis

A

Indefinite
Reentry is possible

71
Q

Leukocyte Reduction expected yields

A

Leukocyte-reduced blood and blood components shall be prepared by a method known to reduce the leukocyte number to <5 × 10*6 for Red Blood Cells and Apheresis or Pooled Platelets

and to <8.3 × 10*5 for whole-blood-derived Platelets. Validation and quality control shall demonstrate that >95% of units sampled meet this criterion.

72
Q

Labeling requirements for pooled components

A

For pooled components, the preparing facility shall maintain records of the ABO/Rh, donation identification number, and collecting facility for each unit in the pool.

Standards 5.1.6.5.1, 5.1.6.5.2, and Reference Standard 5.1.6A, Requirements for Labeling Blood and Blood Components, apply.

73
Q

What are low volume red blood cells?

A

When 300 to 404 mL of whole blood is collected into an anticoagulant volume calculated for 450 ± 45 mL
or
when 333 to 449 mL of whole blood is collected into an anticoagulant volume calculated for 500 ± 50 mL, red cells prepared from the resulting unit shall be labeled Red Blood Cells Low Volume. No other components shall be made from a low- volume collection.

74
Q

Apheresis Red Blood Cells weight/volume requirements?

A

Apheresis Red Blood Cells shall be prepared by a method known to ensure a mean collection of greater than equal to 60 g of hemoglobin (or 180 mL red cell volume) per unit.

At least 95% of the units sampled shall have >50 g of hemoglobin (or 150 mL red cell volume) per unit. Validation and quality control shall demonstrate that these criteria or the criteria specified in the operator’s manual are met

75
Q

Apheresis Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced hemoglobin/volume requirements?

A

Apheresis Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced shall be prepared by a method known to ensure a final component containing a mean hemoglobin of greater than or equal to 51g (or 153 mL cell volume).

The sampling plan shall confirm with 95% confidence that more than 95% of units contain <5 × 10*6 leukocytes.

At least 95% of units sampled shall have >42.5 g of hemoglobin (or 128 mL red cell volume).

76
Q

Cryoprecipitated AHF fibrinogen/factor VIII requirements?

A

Cryoprecipitated AHF shall be prepared by a method known to separate the cold insoluble portion from Fresh Frozen Plasma and result in an average content of at least 150 mg of fibrinogen and 80 IU of coagulation Factor VIII per container or unit.

In tests performed on prestorage pooled components, the pool shall contain at least 150 mg of fibrinogen and 80 IU of coagulation Factor VIII per component in the pool.*

77
Q

QC requirements: Platelets prepared from Whole Blood

A

Validation and quality control of Platelets prepared from Whole Blood shall demonstrate that at least 90% of units sampled contain greater than or equal to 5.5 × 1010 platelets and have a pH greater than or equal to 6.2 at the end of allowable storage. FDA criteria apply.

78
Q

Apheresis Platelets
QC criteria

A

Validation and quality control of Apheresis Platelets shall demonstrate with 95% confidence that greater than 75% of units contain greater than or equal to 3.0 × 1011 platelets and shall demonstrate with 95% confidence that greater than 95% of units have a pH greater than or equal to 6.2 at the time of issue or within 12 hours after expiration. FDA criteria apply.*

79
Q

Apheresis Granulocytes

A

Unless prepared for neonates, Apheresis Granulocytes shall be prepared by a method known to yield a minimum of 1.0 × 1010 granulocytes in at least 75% of the units tested. Product requirements for neonates shall be defined by the medical director.

80
Q

Red Cell Antigen Testing Other than ABO—HISTORICAL TYPING

A

Units may be labeled as antigen negative, without testing the current donation, if units from two previous separate donations were tested by the collection facility and found to be concordant.

81
Q

PF24

A

Labile Factors V, VIII/Protein C may be reduced (over FFP)

ADAMTS 13, Fibrinogen II, VII, IX, X, XI levels similar to FFP

82
Q

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

A

Contains all plasma proteins
Normal levels of label factors V and VIII

83
Q

PF24RT24

A

Not indicated for treatment of deficiencies of labile coagulation factors including: V, VIII and Protein S

84
Q

Cryoprecipitated AHF

A

Fibrinogen, Factor VIII, XIII, vWF

85
Q

What blood products are priority labeled?

A

CPDA-1
LTOWB
Platelets

All labeled Day 1

Non-priority labeling occurs on Day 3

86
Q

What is the order and concentration of saline used for deglycerolization of frozen red blood cells?

A

12%
1.6%
0.9%

87
Q

What is the dosing for neonatal RBC transfusion?

A

1–15mL/kg in additive solution with a hematocrit of 60% will increase Hgb by 3 g/dL

88
Q

What is the formula for the CCI?

A

CCI=CI (body surface area in m2)/number of platelets transfused X10*11
CI=postransfusion count minus pre-transfusion platelet count

89
Q

What is the CCI for a person with a BSA of 1.8m2 and CI of 15,000/microliters who was transfused 3x10*11 platelets?

A

9000

Goal>7500 10-60 minutes reflects 20-30% platelet recovery

90
Q

FDA requires the average 24-hour post-transfusion RBC survival be at least _____%.

A

75%

91
Q

What is the deferral period for a donor who has received a live attenuated vaccine for rubella (German measles)?

A

4 weeks

92
Q

A patient who recently stopped taking clopidogril (Plavix) needs to donate platelets. How long must the patient defer donation after completing the medication?

A

14 days

93
Q

What is the donation interval for frequent plasmapheresis?

A

Every 2 days; no more than twice in a week

94
Q

What are the blood pressure requirements for donation?

A

90-180 mm Hg systolic; 50-100 mm Hg diastolic

95
Q

What is the pulse requirement for donation?

A

50-100 beats/min (bpm)

96
Q

What are the hemoglobin/hematocrit requirements for women?

A

> or = 12.5 g/dL & > or = 38%

97
Q

What are the hemoglobin/hematocrit requirements for men?

A

> or = 13.0 g/dL
or = 39%

98
Q

What is the deferral for measles, mumps, polio, typhoid and yellow fever vaccination?

A

2 weeks

99
Q

What is the maximum whole blood collection volume per kg of body weight?

A

10.5 mL/Kg

100
Q

What are the whole blood collection volumes in two different bag sizes?

A
  1. 400 +/- 45 mL
  2. 500 +/- 50 mL
101
Q

True or False: The replenishment of 2,3-DPG in children younger than 4 months is less efficient and one of the reasons red cell components for transfusion are usually <5-7 a days old

A

True

102
Q

Pathogen reduction technologies inactive white cells and the risk of ____________, negating the need for irradiation.

A

TA-GVHD

103
Q

Treatment of plasma product and platelets with _______+_______is currently FDA approved for pathogen reduction.

A

amotosalen (psoralen) + UV light phototherapy

104
Q

What is the maximum time without agitation allowed for platelets?

A

30 hours during transport

105
Q

What is the expiration date of irradiated products?

A

28 days from the date of irradiation or the original expiration date, whichever is sooner

106
Q

What is the dosing for pooled platelets?

A

One platelet increases the count by 5000/microliter (5x10*9/L) for a 70kg adult (155 pounds); multiple 5000 x number of units in the pool.

107
Q

What is the dosing for apheresis platelets?

A

Increase the count in a 70Kg adult (155 lbs) by 30,000-50,000/microliter

108
Q

What is the dosing for cryoprecipitate AHF?

A

Each unit will increase fibrinogen by 5-10 mg/dL in an average sized adult

109
Q

RBC without additive solution shall have a final hematocrit of ________

A

80%

110
Q

Additives to extend storage of rbcs must be added within________hours.

A

72 hours

111
Q

Red blood Cells Leukocyte Reduced must contain at least _______ of the original red cells and contain less than________residual leukocytes per unit.

A

85%
5 x 10*6

112
Q

List three criteria required to diagnose TRALI

A
  1. Acute onset within 1-6 hours of completing transfusion
  2. Bilateral infiltrates on frontal chest x-ray
  3. Hypoxemia
113
Q

Approximately how many grams of iron in a unit of blood?

A

250 mg. (Primarily in the form of hemoglobin)

114
Q

What is the average level of fibrinogen in a single unit of cryoprecipitate? What is the minimum level?

A

250 mg/unit; minimum-150 mg/single unit

10 units=approx 2500 mg=2.5 g

Blood Products (1 decks)

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