Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biostatistics > Module 1 Block 1 (1st Sem) > Flashcards

Module 1 Block 1 (1st Sem) Flashcards

1
Q

STATISTICS

A

the study and use of theory and methods for the analysis of data arising from random processes and phenomena.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

BIOSTATISTICS

A

branch of applied statistics directed toward applications in the health sciences and biology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

BIOSTATISTICIAN

A

the one who collaborates with bio researchers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

EPIDEMIOLOGY

A

deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the types of NON-EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES?

A
  1. Population Based Studies

2. Individual Based Studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DESCRIPTIVE STUDY (POPULATION BASED)

A

it aims to generate a hypothesis by answering the 4 Ws question: “What? Who? Where? and When?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

INCIDENCE STUDY (POPULATION BASED)

A

newly reported or registered disease cases compared over time, place, or person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ANALYTIC STUDY (POPULATION BASED)

A

it aims to generate a hypothesis by answering the “Why?” and “How?” questions. the goal of this study is about to measure the associate between exposure and outcome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ECOLOGICAL STUDY (POPULATION BASED)

A

fairly quick and easy to perform but does not allow for causal conclusion to be drawn because the data are not associated with individual person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DESCRIPTIVE STUDY (INDIVIDUAL STUDIES)

A

example: case report

which are prepared for illustrating novel, unusual, or atypical features identified in patients in medical practice, and they potentially generate new research questions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ANALYTIC STUDY (INDIVIDUAL STUDIES)

A

examples: cross sectional study, case-control study, and cohort study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY (ANALYTIC STUDY)

A

learn about the characteristics of a population at one point in time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CASE-CONTROL STUDY (ANALYTIC STUDY)

A
  • to study rare diseases

- to study multiple exposures that may be related to a single outcome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

COHORT STUDY (ANALYTIC STUDY)

A
  • can be used to find multiple outcomes from a single exposure.
  • a cohort is a well-defined group of individuals who share a common characteristics or experience.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

A
  • cohort studies in which the investigator manipulates the predictor variables.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

RANDOMIZED STUDY (EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES)

A
  • a study in which people are allocated at random (by chance alone) to receive one of several clinical interventions.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

I. CLINICAL TRIAL

A
  • prospectively planned experiment for the purpose of evaluating the potential beneficial therapies or treatment.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

II. CONTROL TRIAL

A
  • old standard for evaluating the treatment interventions or preventive interventions, it allows the investigator to have extensive control of problems.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

II. CONTROL TRIAL

A
  • old standard for evaluating the treatment interventions or preventive interventions, it allows the investigator to have extensive control of problems.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

NON RANDOMIZED STUDY (EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES)

A
  • quasi-experimental research, field trial, and community trial.
20
Q

QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH (NON RANDOMIZED STUDY)

A
  • shares similarities with the traditional experimental design, or randomized controlled trial.
21
Q

FIELD TRIAL (NON RANDOMIZED STUDY)

A
  • applies preventive interventions to healthy individuals.
22
Q

COMMUNITY TRIAL (NON-RANDOMIZED STUDY)

A
  • applies intervention to aggressive units.
23
Q

WHAT IS DATA?

A
  • data are observations of random variables made on the elements of a population or sample.
24
Q

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF DATA?

A

observational data & experimental data.

25
Q

OBSERVATIONAL DATA

A
  • researchers simply collect data based on what is seen and heard and infer based on the data collected.
26
Q

EXPERIMENTAL DATA

A
  • researchers produced this by measurement, test method, and experimental design.
27
Q

METHODS OF DATA PRESENTATION

A
  • textual, tabular, and graphical data.
28
Q

TEXTULAR DATA

A
  • the data gathered are presented in paragraph form. data are written and
    read. It is a combination of texts and figures.
29
Q

TABULAR DATA

A
  • method of presenting data using the statistical table.
30
Q

GRAPHICAL DATA

A
  • the most effective manner of presenting data since it can be easily
    understood.
31
Q

PARTS OF TABULAR DATA

A
  • tabular heading: consist of table number & title.
  • stubs: categories which are found at the left side of the body of the table.
  • box head: the top of the column.
  • body: main part of the table.
  • footnotes: any statement or notes inserted.
  • source note: source of the statistics.
32
Q

DUMMY TABLE

A
  • skeleton tables that give a preview of what table outputs may be expected from the study.
33
Q

MASTERS TABLE

A
  • shows the distribution of observations across several variables of interest in the study.
34
Q

CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE

A
35
Q

TYPES OF GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION

A

scatter plot, linen plot, double y plot, bar charts, area plot, pie chart, histogram, venn diagram, and epidemic curve.

36
Q

SCATTER PLOT

A
  • to examine a relationship between two (non-sequential) variables.
37
Q

LINE PLOT

A
  • often useful is where the x- axis represents some sequential variable like time, or distance along a transect.
38
Q

DOUBLE Y PLOT

A
  • have two different y-axes, allowing variables with different scales to be plotted on the same graph.
39
Q

BAR CHARTS

A
  • probably the most widely used type of graph in science.
40
Q

AREA PLOT

A
  • combine features of line plots and stacked bar charts.
41
Q

PIE CHART

A
  • relatively limited use for scientific figures.
42
Q

HISTOGRAM

A
  • plot that lets you discover, and show, the underlying frequency distribution (shape) of a set of continuous data.
43
Q

VENN DIAGRAM

A
  • representing mathematical or logical sets pictorially as circles or closed curves.
44
Q

EPIDEMIC CURVE

A
  • a visual display of the onset of illness among cases associated with an outbreak.
45
Q

SURVEY STUDY

A
  • is used to estimate the extent of the disease in the population.
46
Q

SURVEILLANCE STUDY

A
  • is designed to monitor or detect specific diseases.
47
Q

OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

A
  • investigate association between an exposure and a disease outcome. they rely on “natural “allocation of individuals to exposed or non-exposed groups.
48
Q

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

A
  • also investigate the association between an exposure, often therapeutic treatment, and disease outcome individuals are “intentionally” placed into the treatment groups by the investigators.

Biostatistics (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions