Module 1: Basic Sciences Flashcards
Role of Nervous System
Provide overall control of body function
Three Subdivisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Cells of the nervous system
Neurons
What are neurons responsible for?
Conducting nerve impulses within the brain as well as from one part of the body to another
Nerve’s threshold of stimulus
Action Potential
A junction between two neurons
Synapse
In its resting state the outside of the nerve membrane has what charge?
Positive
A reversal of charge across the neuronal membrane caused by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions through ion channels
Depolarization
Movement of the changing charge during depolarization
Wave of Depolarization
How do local anesthetic exert their effects?
By interfering with the passage of Na+ ions through the ion channels and prevent depolarization with slowing or stopping of movement of the nerve impulse
How do most of IV, inhalation, and local anesthetic drugs exert their effects?
Through alteration of nerve conduction by modification of the action of the neurotransmitter substances and/or alteration of the movement of ions through membrane channels
The central nervous system is the
Overall control center of the body
CNS consists of
Brain and spinal cord
What are the components of the brain?
Cerebral cortex, core of the brain, cerebellum, and brain stem
What is the cerebral cortex responsible for
Thought, learning, memory, consciousness, feeling of sensations, initiation of muscle movement
The cerebellum is the coordinating center for
Sensory receptors and coordination of movement
What does the brain stem consist of
Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
The brain stem contains
Control centers for autonomic nervous system, reticular formation
The pons has direct connections with the cerebellum and important for
Coordination of movement
The medulla contains important centers for the control of
Blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and digestion
The peripheral nervous system consists of
Nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS to the various parts of the body and those that carry impulses from the periphery back to the CNS
Nerves that conduct messages back to the CNS from receptors regarding the environment
Sensory Nerves
Nerves that carry out a response formulated in the CNS to a muscle to initiate body movement
Motor Nerves
What are the two components of the PNS
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
When performing surgery in the mouth under local anesthesia the OMS is primarily concerned with the?
Trigeminal nerve
What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve
Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
What anesthetize all of the mandibular teeth, chin and lip on the same side, and with the lingual nerve, half of the tongue and the floor of the mouth
Mandibular Block
What block anesthetizes the branches for the posterior portion of the maxillary alveolus
Posterior Superior Alveolar Block
The posterior of the palate on either side is anesthetized with the
Greater Palatine Nerve Block
The anterior part of the palate behind the anterior teeth is anesthetized by what block
Nasopalatine Nerve Block
Regulates the internal organs and other functions that take place involuntarily
Autonomic Nervous System
What does the autonomic nervous system do?
Regulates BP, heart rate, breathing, body temp, water balance, urinary bladder and digestive functions
What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Which system is more dynamic and tends to speed up the processes?
Sympathetic nervous system
Which system maintains the resting or vegetative state and tends to slow processes?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Which part of the nervous system is important in maintaining BP?
Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system exerts its effects through the action of what chemical substance?
Norepinephrine
The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are often termed what?
Adrenergic
The parasympathetic nervous system exerts its effects through the action of what chemical substance?
Acetylcholine
The actions of the parasympathetic nervous system are often termed
Cholinergic
What receptors play an essential role in regulation of BP
Baroreceptors
