Module 1 and 2

Question 1

blood composition and percentage

Answer 1

plasma 55%. cells and cells fragments aka formed elements 45%

Question 2

what is in plasma

Answer 2

90% water 10% solutes like gases, minerals vitamins, hormones, proteins, nutrients and waste products

Question 3

what is in formed elements

Answer 3

cellular components of blood. erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

Question 4

fn of erythrocytes (RBC)

Answer 4

carry O2 from lungs to organs/tissue. carry CO2 from tissue/organs to lungs to be expelled

Question 5

fn of leukocytes (WBC)

Answer 5

body’s defence mechanism. eliminates pathogens by phagocytosis. release/activate enzymes/ cytokines

Question 6

fn of thrombocytes (platelets)

Answer 6

responsible for body’s coagulation mechanism

Question 7

what flows through systemic circulation

Answer 7

oxygenated blood in ARTerial components. deoxygenated blood in VENOUS side

Question 8

what flows thought pulmonary circulation

Answer 8

deoxygenated blood through PULMONARY ARTERIES. oxygenated blood in PULMONARY VEINS

Question 9

serum vs plasma

Answer 9

plasma- fluid portion of blood and anti-coagulated specimen. serum- fluid portion of clotted specimen lacks fibrinogen

Question 10

what does serum lack

Answer 10

coagulation factors like fibrinogen

Question 11

when is plasma required

Answer 11

whole blood specimen

Question 12

what is the buffy layer

Answer 12

thin band of WBC and platelets

Question 13

what happens if sample is misidentified as capillary or venous or arterial

Answer 13

eg arterial or capillary blood glucose higher than venous

Question 14

proper tied tourniquet will what

Answer 14

restrict venous blood flow and not affect arterial flow

Question 15

relationship of needle bore and gauge

Answer 15

inverse. 22 gauge needle has smaller bore than 21 gauge

Question 16

additives and purpose of light blue topped

Answer 16

sodium citrate- prevents clotting by chelating calcium

Question 17

usual tests for citrate (light Blue)

Answer 17

Coagulation testing: PT-INR, aPTT, DDimer, clotting factors, fibrinogen

Question 18

special considerations for citrate (light blue)

Answer 18

blood: anticoagulant ratio 9:1 cannot be undefiled

Question 19

additives and purpose of red plastic tube

Answer 19

yields serum, clot activator includes silica (glass particles), celite (clay) and thrombin (clotting factor)

Question 20

special considerations of red plastic tube

Answer 20

must stand to clot for 30 mins prior to centrifugation

Question 21

additives and purpose of gold SST tube

Answer 21

contains clot activator and thixotropic gel separator

Question 22

additives and purpose of light green PST tube

Answer 22

contains heparin to inhibit throb formation in coagulation process. thixotropic gel separator

Question 23

why is light green tube PST preferred

Answer 23

allows for STAT and routine testing

Question 24

additives and purpose of dark green PST tube

Answer 24

yields plasma if spun, whole blood if notcontains heparin; sodium, lithium or ammonium heparin

Question 25

additives and LAV EDTA tube

Answer 25

EDTA to chelate calcium preventing coagulation and inhibits platelet aggregation

Question 26

purpose of LAV EDTA tube

Answer 26

plasma and whole blood chemistry

Question 27

addictive of royal blue tube

Answer 27

free from environmental contaminants and trace elements

Question 28

purpose of royal blue tube

Answer 28

trace elements testing Pb, As, Al, Zn, Hg

Question 29

additives of grey tube

Answer 29

Na fluoride: glycolytic inhibitor to preserve glucose. K+ oxalate prevents coagulation by precipitation Ca2+

Question 30

purpose of grey tubes

Answer 30

lactose and blood ROH. sometimes glucose tolerance tests

Question 31

additives of black tube ESR tube

Answer 31

Na+ citrate (diff conc than in light blue tube)

Question 32

purpose of black tube ESR tube

Answer 32

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Question 33

special consideration of black ESR tube

Answer 33

completely filled to yield accurate results

Question 34

additives of yellow tube

Answer 34

ACD acid citrate dextrose chelates calcium prevents coagulation. dextrose maintains RBC viability acting as nutrient and preservative

Question 35

purpose of yellow tube

Answer 35

DNA testing and HLA typing

Question 36

vein poke order of preference

Answer 36

1. Median cubital vein 2. Cephalic vein 3. Basilic vein