Module 1 and 2 Flashcards
blood composition and percentage
plasma 55%. cells and cells fragments aka formed elements 45%
what is in plasma
90% water 10% solutes like gases, minerals vitamins, hormones, proteins, nutrients and waste products
what is in formed elements
cellular components of blood. erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
fn of erythrocytes (RBC)
carry O2 from lungs to organs/tissue. carry CO2 from tissue/organs to lungs to be expelled
fn of leukocytes (WBC)
body’s defence mechanism. eliminates pathogens by phagocytosis. release/activate enzymes/ cytokines
fn of thrombocytes (platelets)
responsible for body’s coagulation mechanism
what flows through systemic circulation
oxygenated blood in ARTerial components. deoxygenated blood in VENOUS side
what flows thought pulmonary circulation
deoxygenated blood through PULMONARY ARTERIES. oxygenated blood in PULMONARY VEINS
serum vs plasma
plasma- fluid portion of blood and anti-coagulated specimen. serum- fluid portion of clotted specimen lacks fibrinogen
what does serum lack
coagulation factors like fibrinogen
when is plasma required
whole blood specimen
what is the buffy layer
thin band of WBC and platelets
what happens if sample is misidentified as capillary or venous or arterial
eg arterial or capillary blood glucose higher than venous
proper tied tourniquet will what
restrict venous blood flow and not affect arterial flow
relationship of needle bore and gauge
inverse. 22 gauge needle has smaller bore than 21 gauge
additives and purpose of light blue topped
sodium citrate- prevents clotting by chelating calcium
usual tests for citrate (light Blue)
Coagulation testing: PT-INR, aPTT, DDimer, clotting factors, fibrinogen
special considerations for citrate (light blue)
blood: anticoagulant ratio 9:1 cannot be undefiled
additives and purpose of red plastic tube
yields serum, clot activator includes silica (glass particles), celite (clay) and thrombin (clotting factor)
special considerations of red plastic tube
must stand to clot for 30 mins prior to centrifugation
additives and purpose of gold SST tube
contains clot activator and thixotropic gel separator
additives and purpose of light green PST tube
contains heparin to inhibit throb formation in coagulation process. thixotropic gel separator
why is light green tube PST preferred
allows for STAT and routine testing
additives and purpose of dark green PST tube
yields plasma if spun, whole blood if notcontains heparin; sodium, lithium or ammonium heparin
additives and LAV EDTA tube
EDTA to chelate calcium preventing coagulation and inhibits platelet aggregation
purpose of LAV EDTA tube
plasma and whole blood chemistry
addictive of royal blue tube
free from environmental contaminants and trace elements
purpose of royal blue tube
trace elements testing Pb, As, Al, Zn, Hg
additives of grey tube
Na fluoride: glycolytic inhibitor to preserve glucose. K+ oxalate prevents coagulation by precipitation Ca2+
purpose of grey tubes
lactose and blood ROH. sometimes glucose tolerance tests
additives of black tube ESR tube
Na+ citrate (diff conc than in light blue tube)
purpose of black tube ESR tube
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
special consideration of black ESR tube
completely filled to yield accurate results
additives of yellow tube
ACD acid citrate dextrose chelates calcium prevents coagulation. dextrose maintains RBC viability acting as nutrient and preservative
purpose of yellow tube
DNA testing and HLA typing
vein poke order of preference
- Median cubital vein
- Cephalic vein
- Basilic vein
