Module 1: Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.
ANATOMY
Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as heart, lungs, kidneys.
GROSS ANATOMY
All structures in particular region of the body (abdomen or leg region)
REGIONAL
Body structures are examined system by system (cardiovascular, neuro, nephron, etc.)
SYSTEMIC
Study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.
SURFACE
It deals with structures too small to be seen by the naked eye (cytology, histology)
MICROSCOPIC
It traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span of a living organism.
DEVELOPMENTAL
Studies the function of the body, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.
PHYSIOLOGY
It involves how atoms, such as hydrogen and carbon, interact and combine into molecules.
CHEMICAL LEVEL
It is part of the organization in the body which focuses on the basic structural and functional units of organisms, such as plants and animals.
CELL LEVEL
An organization in the body that focuses on the group of similar cells and materials that surrounds them.
TISSUE LEVEL
An organization in the body that pertains to how _____ is composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions.
ORGAN LEVEL
_________ is a group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function or set of functions.
ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL
________ is any living thing that is considered as a whole, whether composed of one cell, such as bacterium, or of trillion cells, such as a human.
ORGANISM LEVEL
It is the ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as growth, movement, and reproduction.
METABOLISM
It is the ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make the adjustments and to help maintain its life.
RESPONSIVENESS
It refers to an increase in size of all or part of the organism.
GROWTH
__________ is the formation of new organisms.
REPRODUCTION
It refers to the breakdown of food into smaller components that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
DIGESTION
It is the process where all the metabolic wastes are removed from the body.
EXCRETION
It provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D. Consists of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands.
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
It provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissue. Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature. Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Removes waste products from the blood and regulates the blood pH, Ion balance, and water balance.
URINARY SYSTEM
Produce oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
_______ is the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body fluctuations in either the external or internal environment.
HOMEOSTASIS
It is when any deviation is made smaller or is resisted. It also maintains homeostasis in the body.
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
This mechanism occurs when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response. This type of response is required to re-achieve homeostasis.
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
An inability of the body to restore a functional, stable internal environment.
HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE
It refers to a person standing upright with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward.
ANATOMICAL POSITION
______ is when a person is lying face upward.
SUPINE
________ is when a person is lying face downward.
PRONE
_______ means nearest. It is a term used to refer to linear structures.
PROXIMAL
_______ means distant. It is a term used to refer to linear structures.
DISTAL
It means toward the midline.
MEDIAL
It means away from the midline.
LATERAL
It refers to a structure close to the surface of the body.
SUPERFICIAL
______ refers to a structure close to the interior of the body.
DEEP
It is a term used to refer to “front”
ANTERIOR
It is a term used to refer to “back”
POSTERIOR
It is a term used for above.
SUPERIOR
It is a term used for below, or down.
INFERIOR
The Central Region of the Body consists of….
Head, Neck, and Trunk.
The trunk can be divided into:
Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis.
UPPER limb consists of…
Arm, Forearm, Wrist, and hand.
LOWER limb is divided into…
Thigh, leg, ankle, and foot.
It is a way of sectioning the body to “look inside” and observe the body’s structures.
PLANES
________ is a fluid-filled space inside the body that holds and protects internal organs.
BODY CAVITIES
It is surrounded by the rib cage and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular diaphragm.
THORACIC CAVITY
_______ is a section that houses the heart, the thymus, the trachea, the esophagus, and other structures.
MEDIASTINUM
It is bounded primarily by the abdominal muscles and contains the stomach, the intestines, the liver, the spleen, the pancreas, and the kidneys.
ABDOMINAL CAVITY
______ cavity is a small space enclosed by the bones of the _______ and contains the urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, and the internal reproductive organs.
PELVIC
____________ line the trunk cavities and cover the organs of these cavities.
SEROUS MEMBRANE
The serous membrane that covers internal organs.
VISCERAL SEROUS MEMBRANE
The serous membrane that covers the cavity wall is
PARIETAL SEROUS MEMBRANE
3 SEROUS MEMBRANE IN THE THORACIC CAVITY:
A pericardial activity and two pleural activities.
___________ is a membrane that lines the inside of your abdomen and pelvis.
PERITONEUM
