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Anatomy and Physiology: Module 1&2 > Module 1: Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Module 1: Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

A

ANATOMY

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2
Q

Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as heart, lungs, kidneys.

A

GROSS ANATOMY

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3
Q

All structures in particular region of the body (abdomen or leg region)

A

REGIONAL

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4
Q

Body structures are examined system by system (cardiovascular, neuro, nephron, etc.)

A

SYSTEMIC

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5
Q

Study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.

A

SURFACE

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6
Q

It deals with structures too small to be seen by the naked eye (cytology, histology)

A

MICROSCOPIC

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7
Q

It traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span of a living organism.

A

DEVELOPMENTAL

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8
Q

Studies the function of the body, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.

A

PHYSIOLOGY

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9
Q

It involves how atoms, such as hydrogen and carbon, interact and combine into molecules.

A

CHEMICAL LEVEL

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10
Q

It is part of the organization in the body which focuses on the basic structural and functional units of organisms, such as plants and animals.

A

CELL LEVEL

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11
Q

An organization in the body that focuses on the group of similar cells and materials that surrounds them.

A

TISSUE LEVEL

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12
Q

An organization in the body that pertains to how _____ is composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions.

A

ORGAN LEVEL

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13
Q

_________ is a group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function or set of functions.

A

ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL

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14
Q

________ is any living thing that is considered as a whole, whether composed of one cell, such as bacterium, or of trillion cells, such as a human.

A

ORGANISM LEVEL

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15
Q

It is the ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as growth, movement, and reproduction.

A

METABOLISM

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16
Q

It is the ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make the adjustments and to help maintain its life.

A

RESPONSIVENESS

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17
Q

It refers to an increase in size of all or part of the organism.

A

GROWTH

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18
Q

__________ is the formation of new organisms.

A

REPRODUCTION

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19
Q

It refers to the breakdown of food into smaller components that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

A

DIGESTION

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20
Q

It is the process where all the metabolic wastes are removed from the body.

A

EXCRETION

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21
Q

It provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D. Consists of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands.

A

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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22
Q

It provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissue. Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.

A

SKELETAL SYSTEM

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23
Q

Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.

A

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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24
Q

A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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25
Q

A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions.

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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26
Q

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature. Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

A

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

27
Q

Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract.

A

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

28
Q

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH.

A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

29
Q

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.

A

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

30
Q

Removes waste products from the blood and regulates the blood pH, Ion balance, and water balance.

A

URINARY SYSTEM

31
Q

Produce oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors.

A

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

32
Q

Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.

A

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

33
Q

_______ is the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body fluctuations in either the external or internal environment.

A

HOMEOSTASIS

34
Q

It is when any deviation is made smaller or is resisted. It also maintains homeostasis in the body.

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

35
Q

This mechanism occurs when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response. This type of response is required to re-achieve homeostasis.

A

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

36
Q

An inability of the body to restore a functional, stable internal environment.

A

HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE

37
Q

It refers to a person standing upright with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward.

A

ANATOMICAL POSITION

38
Q

______ is when a person is lying face upward.

A

SUPINE

39
Q

________ is when a person is lying face downward.

A

PRONE

40
Q

_______ means nearest. It is a term used to refer to linear structures.

A

PROXIMAL

41
Q

_______ means distant. It is a term used to refer to linear structures.

A

DISTAL

42
Q

It means toward the midline.

A

MEDIAL

43
Q

It means away from the midline.

A

LATERAL

44
Q

It refers to a structure close to the surface of the body.

A

SUPERFICIAL

45
Q

______ refers to a structure close to the interior of the body.

A

DEEP

46
Q

It is a term used to refer to “front”

A

ANTERIOR

47
Q

It is a term used to refer to “back”

A

POSTERIOR

48
Q

It is a term used for above.

A

SUPERIOR

49
Q

It is a term used for below, or down.

A

INFERIOR

50
Q

The Central Region of the Body consists of….

A

Head, Neck, and Trunk.

51
Q

The trunk can be divided into:

A

Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis.

52
Q

UPPER limb consists of…

A

Arm, Forearm, Wrist, and hand.

53
Q

LOWER limb is divided into…

A

Thigh, leg, ankle, and foot.

54
Q

It is a way of sectioning the body to “look inside” and observe the body’s structures.

A

PLANES

55
Q

________ is a fluid-filled space inside the body that holds and protects internal organs.

A

BODY CAVITIES

56
Q

It is surrounded by the rib cage and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular diaphragm.

A

THORACIC CAVITY

57
Q

_______ is a section that houses the heart, the thymus, the trachea, the esophagus, and other structures.

A

MEDIASTINUM

58
Q

It is bounded primarily by the abdominal muscles and contains the stomach, the intestines, the liver, the spleen, the pancreas, and the kidneys.

A

ABDOMINAL CAVITY

59
Q

______ cavity is a small space enclosed by the bones of the _______ and contains the urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, and the internal reproductive organs.

A

PELVIC

60
Q

____________ line the trunk cavities and cover the organs of these cavities.

A

SEROUS MEMBRANE

61
Q

The serous membrane that covers internal organs.

A

VISCERAL SEROUS MEMBRANE

62
Q

The serous membrane that covers the cavity wall is

A

PARIETAL SEROUS MEMBRANE

63
Q

3 SEROUS MEMBRANE IN THE THORACIC CAVITY:

A

A pericardial activity and two pleural activities.

64
Q

___________ is a membrane that lines the inside of your abdomen and pelvis.

A

PERITONEUM

Anatomy and Physiology: Module 1&2 (2 decks)

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