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Nutrition and health > Module 1: An Overview of Nutrition > Flashcards

Module 1: An Overview of Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is nutrition?

A

The study of how food nourishes the body

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2
Q

what is food?

A

Any substance the body can take in and assimilate; a source of nutrients

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3
Q

what is diet?(not referring to restrictive weight-loss plan)

A

The food and beverages a person usually eats and drinks

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4
Q

what challenges do we face when choosing our food?

A

Social guilt, financial, medical conditions, environment

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5
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of a nutritious diet?

A 
Adequacy
Balance
Energy Balance
Moderation
Variety
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6
Q

What is adequacy?

A

If you don’t have enough iron in your food it can cause anemia.

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7
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A balanced diet is when there is enough of all. Differents nutrients eating from a variety of different foods

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8
Q

what is an Energy Balance diet?

A

Take enough nutrients to support your basic metabolism

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9
Q

What is moderation?

A

Not eat everything, to have moderation. Provide enough but not too much of a substance.

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10
Q

What is variety in a nutritious diet?

A

If people are eating just a few foods there is a chance that they are not going to get enough nutrients to maintain optimal health.

Eating a wide selection of foods from the major food
groups.

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11
Q

A well-chosen array of foods will prevent what?

a) obesity
b) overweight
c) malnutrition
d) all of the above
e) None of the above

A

c) malnutrition

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12
Q

Malnutrition includes what?

A 
Nutrient deficiencies (iron deficiency - anemia)
Nutrient imbalances (not able to absorb a nutrient)
Nutrient excesses ( salt, fat)
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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Foods consumed have a cumulative effect on your body

A

true

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14
Q

The effects of food on your body become obvious with what?

A

with age

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15
Q

Diet has a significant impact upon what?

A

upon long-term health prospects

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16
Q

How powerful is a nutritious diet in preventing disease?

A

They have a vital role in supporting health.
If we look at the leading causes of death in Canada, the majority is connected with foods, health style. For example stroke, heart disease, diabetes.

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17
Q

Besides diet, what other factors affect health?

A

Tabacco use, alcohol, substance abuse, physical activity, sleep, stress, isolation, conditions at home

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Foods and humans are not made of the same materials

A

FALSE

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19
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Nutrients are components of food required for the body’s functioning

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20
Q

What are the roles of nutrients?

A

provide energy, building material, maintenance and repair, support growth

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21
Q

What are the 6 classes of nutrients?

A

carbs, proteins, vitamins, minerals, lipids and water

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22
Q

writes about the composition of the body of those who have more than% at least

A

water - fat - (protein, carbs, minerals of the bones)

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23
Q

What are the chemical nutrients?

A

Energy, Nutrients, phytochemicals ( chemicals that are in plants)

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24
Q

What are essential nutrients?

A

Needed from outside the body, normally from foods. The body cannot make

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25
Q

Which nutrients are organic?

A

carbs, lipids, proteins and vitamins

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26
Q

Which nutrients are inorganic?

A

minerals and water

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27
Q

which nutrients are energy-yielding?

A

carbs, lipids, proteins

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28
Q

which nutrients are macronutrients?

A

carbs, lipids, proteins (calories)

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29
Q

which nutrients are micronutrients?

A

vitamins and minerals ( no calories)

30
Q

What type of energy does the body use?

A

body use macronutrients, the bonds between the atoms break so energy is released and this energy can be used or stored.

31
Q

What does macronutrients do to the body?

A

Macronutrients provide raw material for building tissue and regulating body activities, proteins regulate digestion and energy metabolism

32
Q

How many organic vitamins there is?

A

13

33
Q

What are the roles of vitamins?

A

they facilitate energy release and they are vulnerable to destruction (heat, light, and chemicals)

34
Q

How many minerals are esential?

A

16

35
Q

What are the role of minerals?

A

they are indestructible, but they may be lost during processing

36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

water is the environment for nearly all body processes?

A

true

37
Q

where do we calculate calories? And how do you calculate?

A

bomb calorimeter. You put the food in a bomb calorimeter and change the temperature. With the high temperature, the food will burn and the energy will be measured

38
Q

What are the energy values of proteins, fat, cho, alcohol

A

protein - 4kcal/g
fat - 9kcal/g
cho- 4kcal/g
alcohol- 7kcal/g

39
Q

If you need to calculate the % of energy supplied by fat how would you do?

A

fat kcal/ total kcal

40
Q

Nutrition include what types of jobs?

A 
clinical nutrition
communiy nutrition
public health
food policy
food science
41
Q

what is the new branch of nutrition?

A

nutritional genomics

42
Q

What is the steps of a scientific method?

A

1) Observation and question
2) Hypothesis and prediction
3) experiments
4) results and interpretantion
5) hypothesis supported - theoru and new observation
6) hypothesis not supported - new observation and question

43
Q

Associate the phrase with a scientifc method

a) design a study and collect the revelevant data
b) integrates conclusions with those from numerous other studies
c) identify a problem to be solved or ask a specific question to be answered
d) a tentative solution to the problem or answer to the question
e) summarize- analize and interpret the data

A

a) experiment
b) theory
c) observation and question
d) hypothesis and prediction
e) results and interpretation

44
Q

What is the 4 research studies?

A

controls, sample size, placebo and double blind

45
Q

What is control in a research study?

A

The control have 2 groups. The experimental group (receive the vitamin) and the control group ( doesnt receive the vitamin)
To do this researches must ensure that each person has an equal chance of being assigne to either the experimental or the control group this is accomplish by randomization

46
Q

what is randomization?

A

it helps to elimate bias and ensure that the 2 groups are equal and that observed differences reflect the treatment and not other factors

47
Q

What is sample size in a research study?

A

large groups to ensure that ramdom differences between the 2 groups do not influence the results

48
Q

What is a placebo?

A

a change that occurs in response to expectations about the effectiveness of the treatment

49
Q

What is a double blind?

A

The subjects and the researchers don’t know which subjects are in which group

50
Q

What are the 2 types of research? Define each study

A

epidemiological studies and experimental studies.
Epidemiological = population base study. Rasing partners, but don’t say why
Experimental = cause and effect

51
Q

What are the three subcategories of epidemiological study?

A

cross-sectional studies
case-control studies
cohort studies

52
Q

Explain what is cross-sectional studies

A

Research observe how much and what kinds of food a group of people eat and how healthy those people are

53
Q

Explain what is case-control studies

A

Research compare people who do and do not have a given condition such as disease, closely matching them in age, sex… and other key variables so that the difference in other factors stand out

54
Q

Explain what is cohort studies

A

Research analyze data collected from a selected group of people at intervals over a certain time period of time

55
Q

What are the three subcategories of experimental study?

A

laboratory-based animal studies, laboratory-based in vitro studies and human intervention trials

56
Q

Explain what is laboratory-based animal studies?

A

Research feed animal special diets that provide or omit specific nutrients and then observe any changes in health. This study test positive diseases causes and treatments

57
Q

Explain what is laboratory-based in vitro studies

A

researchers examine the effects of a specific variable on a tissue, cell or molecule isolated from a living organism

58
Q

Explain what is human intervention trials

A

researchers ask people to adopt a new behaviour. These trials help determine the effectiveness of such interventions on the development or prevention of diseases

59
Q

Which study and subcategory test diseases causes and treatment?

A

experimental study - laboratory-based animal studies

60
Q

Which study and subcategory test how much and what kind of food do people eat?

A

epidemiological - cross sectional studies

61
Q

Which study and subcategory analyze data from a selected group?

A

epidemiological - cohort studies

62
Q

Which study and subcategory analyze specific variables on a tissue, cell from a living organism?

A

experimental - laboratory based in vitro studies

63
Q

Which study and subcategory ask people to adopt a new behaviour, to determine the effectiveness of interventions or prevention of diseases?

A

experimental - human interventions trials

64
Q

Which study and subcategory compare people who do and do not have a specific condition ex. disease, and matching them closely with someone of the same sex and age to see the differences?

A

epidemiological - case control study

65
Q

correlations shows what?

A

shows association and not cause

66
Q

what is a positive correlation?

A

Goes to the same direction

the more vitamins, the more colds

Not necessarily the desired outcome

67
Q

what is a negative correlation?

A

No correlation- chance or 3rd factor.

the more vitamins, the less colds

68
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

As ice cream sales increase, so do the number of shark attacks. This is an example of causation

A

FALSE, it is CORRELATION

69
Q

What is the best research evidence?

A

meta-analyses / systematic reviews

70
Q

What are some red flags that we can find in products?

A 
Quick and easy fixes
natural
meaningless medical jargon
personal testimonials
paranoid accusations
time tested or newfound treatment
one product does it all
satisfaction guaranteed
71
Q

Registred professional dietician is registred by?

A

RD Registered Dietatioan
PDt/ DtP Dietetiste/Nutritioniste in QC
LD Licensed Dietitian in US
DTR Diet Technical Registered in US

72
Q

what is a dietitian?

A

Is a regulated health professional that is passionate about the potential of food to enhance lives and improve health.

Nutrition and health (3 decks)

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