Module 1 (a) Female Reproductive A&P & Menstrual Cycle Flashcards
1
Q
Pelvic Girdle
-Constitutes?
A
- Innominate (hip) bones (pubis, ischium, ilium)
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
- The sacrum and Coccyx shape posterior of pelvis ** Allows fetus to pass through in childbirth
- Pelvic outlet = TRUE pelvis -Bony passage in which childbirth occurs
Gyencoid Pelvis — Larger space so that childbirth can occur
2
Q
Pelvic Floor/Support
-2 muscles
A
- Levator ani and coccygeus muscles form pelvic floor
- Support urethra, vagina, uterus, and posterior portion of the rectum - Fascia form supportive sling for
3
Q
Vagina
-Anatomy
A
- Thin-walled tube that extends from external vulva to cervix
- Walls of vagina are AP positioned (lay on top of each other) and are flattened
- RUGAE = folds of epithelial tissue; allow for expansion during intercourse and childbirth
- Vaginal wall layers: Mucosa, muscle, adventitia
- Adventitia is elastic; providing structural support and expansion during intercourse and childbirth
Estrogen and collagen — maintain elasticity of tissue
4
Q
Uterus
-Anatomy
A
- Muscular, inverted, pear-shaped, hollow, thick-walled organ — Opens to vagina at cervix
- Anatomical regions: Fundus, body, and cervix
- Uterine wall layers: endometrium (inner most layer - shed during menses), myometrium, and serosa
- Double blood supply to endometrium is important to cyclic shedding
5
Q
Fallopian Tubes
-Anatomy
A
- Paired narrow muscular tubes that extend from the body of the uterus, outward to openings near ovaries
- Inside of tubes are covered by fine hairlike structures (CILIA) that help move ova from ovaries to uterine body
- Ovarian and uterine arteries supply blood — No specific blood supply
6
Q
Ovaries
-Anatomy
A
- Paired ovaries resemble large almonds — Approx 1.5cm x 2.5 cm x 4cm each
- Located near lateral walls of the pelvic cavity
- Produce gametes (ova) and sex hormones estrogen and progesterone
- Sensitive to pain and pressure
- HAVE their own blood supply **
7
Q
Cervical Anatomy
A
- Endocervical cells are columnar cells (Have ability to secrete mucus
- Ectocervical cells are squamous cells
- Squamocolumnar junction — Rapid cellular division — Aka Transformation Zone**
- Transformation Zone is MOST vulnerable to HPV — This zone needs to be tested during PAP
8
Q
Squamocolumnar junction
-Location through Lifespan
A
- Adolescents and early adulthood — the squamocolumnar junction is located in the cervical canal and extends onto face of ectocervix
- With again, the suamocolumnar junction recedes into the cervical canal
- Location is influenced by hormones
9
Q
Nabothian Cyst
A
- Benign “pimple” that forms on the surface of the cervix and is caused by a clogged mucous duct — Transient throughout menstrual cycle
10
Q
Puberty Process
A
- Breast budding — Driven by Estrogen
- Growth of pubic hair — Adrenal Glands
- Growth spurt peak
- Change in body shape
- Growth of underarm hair
- First period (Menarche)
- Adult breast size
-Missed sequence can be caused by endocrine pathology
Onset of puberty is driven by pulsitile secretion of Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) from Pituitary gland
- Influenced by BMI and genetics
- Influenced by light exposure
11
Q
Adolescent Development Terms
A
- Thelarche — Breast development
- Adrenarche — Pubic Hair development
- Pubic hair before breast buds — Consider adrenal tumor **
12
Q
Discordant Reproductive Development
A
- Individual who reaches late teens without menarche but has breast and pubic hair growth
- Needs evaluation
13
Q
Precocious Puberty
A
- Also known as puberty <8 yrs old
- Connected to increase rate of obesity due to adipose tissue releasing estrogen
14
Q
Delayed Puberty
A
- Delayed puberty in girls, Ie. No breast enlargement > 13 yrs old
- Look for Gonadotropin deficiency, tumors, eating disorders, prolactinoma
15
Q
Menopause
A
- Ages 48-55 — Gradual process
- Transition out of childbearing capacity & is similar to puberty in that it is influence by
- Genes, environment, and culture
