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PR 1 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A systematic process of gathering information, interpreting information, and analyzing information to resolve a specific problem. It is a process of “searching again”

A

Research

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2
Q

The study of our method of acquiring knowledge. It answers the question: “How do we know?”

A

Epistemology

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3
Q

Acquired through anything that is independent from experience, which is a product of pure reason or deduction as with math or tautologies

A

A priori knowledge

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4
Q

Acquired by experience or empirical evidence, as with most aspects of science and personal knowledge

A

A posteriori knowledge

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5
Q

10 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

A
  • Systematic
  • Objective
  • Feasible
  • Empirical
  • Clear
  • Logical
  • Cyclical
  • Analytical
  • Replicable
  • Critical
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6
Q

There is a system to follow in conducting research as there is a system for formulating each of its parts

A

Systematic

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7
Q

Composed of chapters that are organized in a logical and scientific manner

A

Macrosystem

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8
Q

Consists of the detailed contents of each chapter

A

Microsystem

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9
Q

The results of the research must never be based from biases

A

Objective

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10
Q

Any problem of extraordinary nature that directly or indirectly affects any profession is a feasible problem to study

A

Feasible

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11
Q

There should be supporting pieces of evidence and accompanying details for every variable used in the study

A

Empirical

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12
Q

The choice of variables used in the study should be explained by the researcher

A

Clear

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13
Q

Research follows valid, definite principles, frameworks, and procedures

A

Logical

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14
Q

Research starts with a problem and ends with another

A

Cyclical

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15
Q

After employing strictly and correctly the predetermined procedure and gathering empirical data, the latter must be analyzed to elicit the desired meaning from the obtained information

A

Analytical

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16
Q

It is only through this process of replication that particular research can claim the verifiability of valid and reliable or consistent results

A

Replicable

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17
Q

The researcher is careful and precise in processing ideas and judgement

A

Critical

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18
Q

Provides descriptions of the basic nature or the characteristics of the phenomenon. It relies not in numerical analysis but on narratives and stories coming from its research participants

A

Qualitative research

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19
Q

Measures the magnitude, size, or extent of the phenomenon. It is a form of research that uses statistical data as the main source of knowledge

A

Quantitative research

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20
Q

The heart of a good qualitative research. Those that cause unfavorable circumstances in a community or an organization

A

Research problem

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21
Q

An intellectual guess or tentative answer to the research questions. It serve as a guide toward designing the research methodology

A

Hypothesis

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22
Q

The process of gathering information by means of a defined method in order to support the hypothesis

A

Data collection

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23
Q

Could be anything that is used to represent facts and values or anything that may represent a characteristic of something that is being measured

A

Data

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24
Q

The process of examining data against the preconceived hypotheses

A

Data analysis

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25
Q

This process in qualitative research is necessary and in the need to return to the research subjects for validation purposes

A

Member-checking

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26
Q

9 CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL RESEARCHER

A
  • Curious
  • Efficient
  • Logical
  • Effective
  • Active
  • Practical
  • Inventive
  • Honest
  • Cost-Effective
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27
Q

A successful researcher is determined to investigate the intricacy of things

A

Curious

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28
Q

Manifested in the proper use of time, effort, and resources for an intended purpose. It is doing things right

A

Efficient

29
Q

Researchers usually follow procedures identified to the scientific method in finding out answers to their queries

A

Logical

30
Q

It means doing the right things. Researchers must know how to foresee errors so that they can be addressed immediately

A

Effective

31
Q

Researchers get involved in all research opportunities available for them and collaborate with others in research activities relevant to their expertise

A

Active

32
Q

In the event where resources are limited, researchers must be able to find ways to make use of the given resources and locally available materials to compensate for the things needed without compromising the quality of the research output

A

Practical

33
Q

Researchers always have novel ideas. If a method is not feasible, they have alternative procedures to attain the objectives of the research. They always try to find unique or new ways to handle difficulties in solving a problem

A

Inventive

34
Q

Researchers are not swayed to what is expected, but rather to what is true

A

Honest

35
Q

Because of limited resources, successful researchers make it a point that these resources will not be wasted. To them, every single peso is important and must be utilized properly

A

Cost-Effective

36
Q

A branch of philosophy that deals with rightness or wrongness of an act. It has something to do with how things should be done

A

Ethics

37
Q

A Greek word that means “customs”

A

Ethos

38
Q

8 RESEARCH ETHICS PRINCIPLES

A
  • Honesty
  • Objectivity
  • Integrity
  • Carefulness
  • Openness
  • Respect for intellectual property
  • Trustworthiness
  • Social and legal responsibility
39
Q

It must be upheld in the planning, execution, and writing of the research report. It must also be observed on executing procedures by following strictly the proposed methodology

A

Honesty

40
Q

The action or process of manufacturing or inventing something

A

Fabrication

41
Q

The action of falsifying information or a theory

A

Falsification

42
Q

Research investigations must be free from any forms of bias . They must not serve the interest of any parties, but the interest of finding the truth

A

Objectivity

43
Q

The research must uphold sincerity and consistency

A

Integrity

44
Q

Any research must be free of careless errors of negligence

A

Carefulness

45
Q

Researchers must be open to constructive criticism

A

Openness

46
Q

Ideas, copyrights, patents, and other forms of intellectual property owned by other individuals must be acknowledged properly when used as bases in any investigation. The principle “give credits to whom the credit is due” must be observed

A

Respect for intellectual property

47
Q

Manifested in research if data and information about human respondents are used only for the purposes of the research

A

Trustworthiness

48
Q

Research results must be published with the aim of advancing knowledge and promoting social welfare, minimizing harm and risk, and maximizing the benefits for the target population

A

Social and legal responsibility

49
Q

Constitutes claiming another person’s idea or intellectual property as one’s own

A

Plagiarism

50
Q

10 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM

A
  • Clone
  • Ctrl + C (copy-paste)
  • Find-replace
  • Remix
  • Recycle
  • Hybrid
  • Mashup
  • 404 error
  • Aggregator
  • Re-tweer
51
Q

The act of submitting another’s work, word-for-word, as one’s own

A

Clone

52
Q

The act of writing a study that contains significant portions of text from a single source without alterations

A

Ctrl + C (copy-paste)

53
Q

The act of changing key words and phrases but retaining the essential content of the source in a paper

A

Find-replace

54
Q

The act of paraphrasing from other sources and making the content fit together seamlessly

A

Remix

55
Q

The act of borrowing generously from one’s own previous work without citation

A

Recycle

56
Q

The act of combining perfectly-cited sources with copied passages without citation in one paper

A

Hybrid

57
Q

The act of mixing copied materials from several different sources without proper citation

A

Mashup

58
Q

The act of including nonexistent citations or inaccurate information about sources

A

404 error

59
Q

The act of including proper citations but containing almost no original work

A

Aggregator

60
Q

The act of including proper citation but relying too closely on the text’s original wording and/or structure

A

Re-tweer

61
Q

It refers to written agreement signed by human respondents informing the researcher of their willingness or reluctance to participate in an experimental procedure

A

Informed consent

62
Q

A respondent may choose not to disclose his or her identity to anyone, including the researchers themselves

A

Right to anonymity

63
Q

It refers to the consideration of what animals feel when a certain procedure is done to them

A

Animal welfare

64
Q

The least number of animal subjects is recommended

A

Reduce

65
Q

It involves deviation from universally accepted conduct in research undertakings, resulting to scientific dishonesty

A

Scientific misconduct

66
Q

It refers to the act of forcing an individual to participate in a research endeavor by using threats, rewards, or intimidation

A

Coercion

67
Q

Only the results that do not reject the hypothesis are reported and published

A

Non-publication of data

68
Q

Respondents should undergo debriefing after data gathering to minimize any stress or inconvenience affected by the study

A

Right to be protected from harm

69
Q

All personal information extracted from the respondents should not be disclosed to the public at all conditions

A

Right to confidentiality

PR 1 (1 decks)

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