Module 1

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

Answer 1

Epidermis, dermis and the subcutaneous layer

Question 2

Epidermis

Answer 2

The outermost layer of the skin

Question 3

Dermis

Answer 3

The mid-layer of the skin

Question 4

What does the Dermis contain?

Answer 4

Sebaceous (produce sebum), epitrichial glands, blood vessels and hair follicles

Question 5

What’s in the Epidermis?

Answer 5

Is the outermost layer of the skin that consists of Cells in different stages of differentiation and lipids (that hold the cells together)

Question 6

What is in the subcutaneous layer of the skin ?

Answer 6

Epitrichial (sweat glands). Blood vessels and fat cells

Question 7

Keratinocytes:

Answer 7

The cells of the epidermis. They originate at the basal layer. Old keratinocytes are referred to as corneocytes

Question 8

Stratum Corneum:

Answer 8

Cornified layer of the epidermis made up of corneocytes. Functions as the barrier that limits access of external compounds to the skin

Question 9

What is the first physical line of defense?

Answer 9

Hair

Question 10

Keratin:

Answer 10

An important epidermal protein produced by keratinocytes. Provides a major barrier between the animal and the environment

Question 11

Residents:

Answer 11

Organisms that live and multiply on the skin. They aggregate in small colonies

Question 12

Transients:

Answer 12

Microorganisms acquired from the environment. Can be removed by simple hygenic measures.

Question 13

Normal Skin:

Answer 13

Has an intact skin barrier and is able to protect the pet from water loss, prevent microorganisms and allergens from gaining access to the deeper layers of the skin

Question 14

Functions of the skin:

Answer 14

Barrier, environmental protection, motion and shape, adnexa production, thermoregulation, storage and excretion, immune regulatoin, pigmentation, antimicrobial, sensory perception, secretion, vitamin d production, indicator

Question 15

Enclosing barrier:

Answer 15

• Most important function. Maintain an effective barrier to loss of water, electrolytes and other large molecules

Question 16

Environmental protection:

Answer 16

• Keeps out agents that can injure the pet. Agents can be chemical, physical and microbiological

Question 17

Motion and shape:

Answer 17

• Normal skin is flexible, elastic and tough

Question 18

Adnexa production:

Answer 18

• Includes sebaceous and sweat glands, erector pili muscles (make hair stand up-goose bumps), hairs, and claws.

Question 19

Thermoregulation

Answer 19

Skin plays a role in regulation of body temperature through its support of the hair coat, regulation of cutaneous blood supply, and sweat gland function

Question 20

Storage

Answer 20

The skin is a reservoir of electrolytes, water, vitamins, fat, carbohydrates, proteins, and other materials.

Question 21

Excretion

Answer 21

The skin functions in a limited way as an excretory organ.

Question 22

Immunoregulation

Answer 22

Protect against the development of persistent infections and skin cancer. The cells involved are Langerhans cells and lymphocytes

Question 23

Pigmentation

Answer 23

Helps prevent damage from solar radiation and serves many other functions.

Question 24

Antimicrobial action

Answer 24

Antibacterial and antifungal properties provided by lipids, organic acids, lysozymes, and antimicrobial peptides.

Question 25

Sensory perception

Answer 25

Primary sense organ for touch, pressure, pain, pruritus, heat, and cold.

Question 26

Secretion

Answer 26

-Skin is a secretory organ by virtue of its epitrichial (apocrine), atrichial (eccrine), and sebaceous glands.

Question 27

Indicator

Answer 27

The skin may be an important indicator of general health, internal disease, and the effects of substances applied topically or taken internally

Question 28

How do you manage normal skin and coat?

Answer 28

Adequate nutrition, normal shedding, routine grooming and cleaning the skin