Module 1 Flashcards
More powerful the External Magnetic Field
the more N.M.V. there are to manipulate.
Net Magnetization Vectors
How is the field strength of the magnet displayed
in tesla represented as T
or Bo
Path by which the Hydrogen Atoms follow.
Precessional Path:
Hydrogen Atom Nucleus is rotating around its axis and the Proton or charged particle is also rotating which causes the hydrogen atom to have its own _____ _____
This causes the Hydrogen atom to contain its own Magnetic Field
The sum of Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus
Atomic Mass
Due to its odd number of Protons (one) in its nucleus. (hydrogen atom) start to proceed around causing a _____ _____.
Magnetic Moment that is relatively large
To line up with the Magnetic Field, it takes more or less energy
Less energy
MRI advantages
- Non-ionizing radiation.
- Spatial resolution (the ability to distinguish two points or structures as separate)
- Contrast resolution
- Multiplanar Imaging
Hydrogen Nuclei spin on there own axis.
Once subjected to an External Magnetic Field they also start to wobble
This wobble is called its Precession
With no external magnetic field, magnetic moments are randomly situated.
Once exposed to a Magnet Field M. M. start to_______with and against Magnetic field (North and South)
align
Size and Direction of the magnetic moment in the Z plane.
has both magnitude and direction and is called a _____.
Vector
This refers to three inividual forces: motion, magnetism and electrical charge.
If two of the three are present then the third will be induced
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
Disadvantage of MRI
Expensive
Long scan times
Audible noise (65-115dB or higher)
Isolation of patient (claustrophobia, monitoring of ill patients)
Exclusion of patients with conventional pacemakers and certain implants.
This energy state aligns with the External Magnetic Field, termed Spin Up Nuclei.
Low energy state
It takes more or less energy to fight against the direction of the Main Magnetic Field.
More energy
Godfather of MRI
Felix Bloch
Speed at which the Hydrogen Atoms spin we also call this wobble
Precessional Frequency:
This is the sum of Protons in Nucleus
Atomic Number
This is equal to the gyromagnetic Ratio of Hydrogen (42.57MHZ/Tesla) x the Magnetic Field Strength
The Precessional Frequency
Precessional Frequency is represented
as f
or Wo
This energy state aligns against the External Magnetic Field, termed Spin Down Nuclei.
High energy state
The gyromagetic ratio is represented by
Greek gamma symbol
Consists of central nucleus with one proton, no neutron, and one orbiting electrons
Hydrogen Atom
3T images have _______ signal than 1.5T.
higher
42.57 MHZ/T
Larmar equation ratio
These are the winners or the remaining Vectors that now align with the external field…
These are what will be manipulated by the external R.F. pulse to create M.R.I images.
Net Magnetization Vectors
The third force of Faraday’s law, magnetism, will be induced thus giving the hydrogen atom a magnetic moment allowing it to align with an external magnetic field.
hydrogen we have a positive charge and motion
Battle between Spin Up and Spin Down Nuclei create a common ground. The result of this battle is the
N.M.V. w0
Net Magnetization Vector
Images are created using 3 regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
X-rays use transmitted x-rays
Photographs use reflected visible light.
MRI uses emitted radiofrequencies
3 Types of Motion within the Hydrogen Atom
Electrons spinning on own axis
Electrons orbiting the Nucleus
The Nucleus itself spins on own axis
The larger the field strength, the ________hydrogen will align in the spin up (low energy) state
more
This is a test that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures of organs and structures inside the body
What is MRI
Determines the Precessional Frequency
Larmor equation:
This is direction of the North and South axis of a Magnet and the amplitude of the magnetic field
magnetic moment
In a patient, the tissues that behave like tiny magnets themselves and are susceptible to an external magnetic field due to its magnetic moment
hydrogen nuclei
The Hydrogen nuclei can have two types of energy states.
What are they?
Low State
High State