Module 1 Flashcards
Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differentials
(total of 9)
fishbone consists of (4)
WBC HBG HCT PLT RBC Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
WBC, HBG, HCT, PLT
coagulation studies fishbone consists of (3)
total of 6:
PT
PTT
INR
• Platelet Count • Prothrombin Time (PT) • Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) • International Normalized Ration (INR) Other labs to consider: • Factor V • Fibrinogen level
BMP
Fishbone consists of 7
• Sodium (Na) • Potassium (K) • Chloride (Cl) • Bicarbonate (HC03) • Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) • Creatinine \+ Glucose
Liver Function tests
ALT
AST
ALP
GGT
Total, indirect and direct bilirubin checked
Total proteins and albumin
Comprehensive Metabolic panel (CMP)
14
Glucose Calcium Sodium Potassium CO2 Chloride Albumin Total Protein BUN Creatinine ALP AST ALT Bilirubin
if recent acute exposure to
HCV is suspected test for
HCV antibody reactive means
HCV RNA
current or past HCV infection that has resolved
Conjunctivitis
__conjunctivitis is an ophthalmologic emergency.
Gonococcal
Consider noninfectious causes (eg, allergy, contact lens deposits, trauma)
Cultures are usually unnecessary unless chlamydia or gonorrhea is suspected or the case is severe.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Most cases are related to
Blood cultures for bacteria are often negative (80%).
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is difficult to diagnose.
Suspect VAP in a patient with fever, leukocytosis, purulent respiratory secretions or a progressive radiographic pulmonary infiltrate.
aspiration.
Hospital-acquired aspiration pneumonia is associated with intubation and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Mendelson syndrome
is due to acute aspiration of gastric contents (eg, during anesthesia or drowning).
Hospital-acquired pneumonia is the __most common nosocomial infection, accounting for 25% of all ICU infections.
second
UTI
Urinalysis and culture reveal the two most important signs: bacteriuria and pyuria (>10 WBCs/mcL).
Cystitis (95%) is diagnosed by >102 CFU/mL of bacteria; other urinary infections (90%) by >105 CFU/mL
Predisposing factors for cellulitis include
diabetes mellitus, edema, peripheral vascular disease, venous insufficiency, leg ulcer or wound, tinea pedis, dry skin, obesity, and history of cellulitis
Consider updating anti-tetanus prophylaxis for all wounds.
_ _ is indicated when pyelonephritis is suspected.
Urine culture
Urinalysis will usually show pyuria (>5 WBC/hpf) and may show WBC casts.
Patients usually present with fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and costovertebral angle tenderness.
20–30% of pregnant women with untreated bacteriuria develop pyelonephritis.
Community acquired pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonias are most commonly associated with stroke, alcoholism, drug abuse, sedation, and periodontal disease
Approval and widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) for at-risk populations has been effective prevention strategy.
Hepatitis A
in areas of poor hygiene and low socioeconomic conditions. The virus is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route, and it is spread by close person-to-person contact and by food- and water-borne epidemics.
overcrowded situations and in high-density institutions and centers, such as prisons and health care or day care centers.
Anti-HAV IgM usually falls to an undetectable level by 6 months after HAV infection.
Anti-HAV IgG levels rise quickly once the virus is cleared and may persist for many years.
