Module 1 Flashcards
How is the human body organized from small to large?
Chemical level (atoms and molecules) Cellular level Tissue level Organ level Organ system level (e.g. CNS) Organism level (e.g. human)
What are cells?
Smallest living structures and are formed from atoms and molecules.
What are tissues?
Similar cells that perform specialized functions.
What are organs?
Two or more tissues that work together to perform complex functions.
What is an organ system?
Related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function.
What are the two main divisions of the body?
Axial and appendicular.
What does the axial division of the body include?
Head, neck and trunk.
What does the appendicular division of the body include?
Limbs and appendages.
What are the organ systems of the body?
Integumentary system Skeletal system Reproductive system Muscular system Nervous system Endocrine system Digestive system Respiratory system Cardiovascular system Lymphatic system Urinary system
What is the integumentary system made up of?
Hair, skin, and nails.
What is the skeletal system made up of?
Bones and joints.
What is the nervous system made up of?
Brain, spinal cord and nerves.
What is the endocrine system made up of?
Glands that produce and secrete hormones.
What is the respiratory system made up of?
Nose, air passageways and lungs.
What is the cardiovascular system made up of?
Blood, blood vessels, and heart.
What is the lymphatic system made up of?
Lymphatic vessels, cells and structures of the innate immune response.
What is the urinary system made up of?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
What are the three types of body cavities?
Thoracic
Abdomino-pelvic
Cranial
What does the thoracic cavity consist of?
Superior Mediastinum
Pleural
Pericardial
What does the abdomino-pelvic cavity consist of?
Abdominal digestive viscera
Pelvic urinary bladder
Reproductive organs
What does the cranial cavity consist of?
Brain and spinal cord.
What organs are in the superior mediastinum?
Esophagus and trachea.
What are the two main categories of body cavities?
Ventral and dorsal.
Ventral contains thoracic and abdomino-pelvic cavities.
Dorsal contains the cranial cavity.
In relation to the ear, the nose is what?
Ventral
In relation to the nose, the ear is what?
Dorsal
In relation to the elbow, the shoulder is what?
Proximal
In relation to the elbow, the hand is what?
Distal
In relation the bellybutton, the nose is what?
Superior
In relation to the bellybutton, the feet are what?
Inferior
In relation to the basal lamina, the outer layer of the skin is what?
Superifical
In relation to the outer layer of the skin, the basal lamina is what?
Deep
In relation to the elbow, the bellybutton is what?
Medial
In relation to the bellybutton, the elbow is what?
Lateral
What does parietal refer to?
Body walls
e.g. muscles and connective tissue