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Healing Oasis Module 1 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two primary FLEXOR tracts?

A

Corticospinal, Rubrospinal

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2
Q

What are the two primary EXTENSOR tracts?

A

Vestibulospinal, Reticulospinal

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3
Q

All sensory input goes through the thalamus before getting to the cortex EXCEPT FOR _______?

A

Olfaction

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4
Q

3 Sodium out, 2 Potassium in best describes what?

A

Sodium Potassium Pump

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5
Q

As the cell gets “less negative” (sodium out) this best describes ________?

A

depolarization

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6
Q

An adjustment effects this specific mechanoreceptor the most.

A

Ib

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7
Q

Which mechanoreceptor is most responsible for pain?

A

IV

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8
Q

Is the patellar reflex checking muscles or ligaments?

A

checking muscle spindles

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9
Q

Which SENSORY spinal tract is located on the basilar plate (ventral)

A

Spinothalamic tract

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10
Q

Which MOTOR spinal tract is located on the Dorsal (alar) plate

A

Corticospinal Tract

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11
Q

The dosal or alar plate is primary sensory or motor?

A

primarily sensory

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12
Q

The ventral or basilar plate is primary sensor or motor?

A

primarily motor

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13
Q

Withers in dogs is located where?

A

T2-T5

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14
Q

Withers in horses is located where?

A

T3-T8

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15
Q

What is the natural gait for racehorses?

A

PACE RF RH together LF LH

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16
Q

Which gait requires a video to really see whats going on?

A

Amble (front foot lifts off .6 seconds before hind)

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17
Q

Ideal gait to make evaluations on?

A

Trot

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18
Q

Which is the only gait without weight-bearing assistance?

A

Trot

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19
Q

Herbivores generally have more issues in which tmj compartment?

A

Dorsal compartment

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20
Q

The dorsal compartment of tmj primarily deals with which type of movement?

A

Lateral excision

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21
Q

The ventral compartment of tmj primarily deals with which typ of movement?

A

Flexion and extension (carnivores)

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22
Q

Which CN are most likely to be affected with tmj pathologies?

A

CN 9, 10, 11, 12

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23
Q

What is stimulated most with an adjustment?

A

the GTO’s

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24
Q

the nuclei of which CN goes to dorsal horn of C6?

A

Trigeminal

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25
Q

Area Prostrema

A

“Puking” - maybe read into this one….

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26
Q

A motion unit is made up of a ____

A

3 joint complex

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27
Q

When adjusting, we are effecting the caudal motion segment EXCEPT FOR:

A

OCC cranial, C2 posterior, Atlas Rotation

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28
Q

the parasympathetic ns increases or decreases immune response?

A

dampens the immune response

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29
Q

Neural Crest cells can become 1____ , 2_____, 3_____, 4 ______, 5_______

A

DRG, autonomic ganglia, SA/AV node, Melanocytes, Epinephrine producing cells in adrenal medulla.

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30
Q

Prosencephalon forms 1_____ and 2______

A

Teloncephalon and Diencephalon

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31
Q

Teloncephalon forms….

A

the Cortex, the lubules and lateral ventricles

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32
Q

Diencephalon forms…

A

the Thalamus

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33
Q

Which CN is an outpoutch of the thalamus

A

Nuclei of CN 2 (optic n)

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34
Q

Which reflex is checked via CN 3?

A

Papillary light reflex

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35
Q

The nuclei of which CN originate in mesencephalon?

A

Nuclei of CN 3, 4

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36
Q

What is the most cranial parasympathetic CN?

A

CN 3

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37
Q

Lesion in this CN causes the eye to look up and away

A

CN 4

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38
Q

Whats the main function of the dorsal oblique

A

internally rotates and brings eye medial

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39
Q

Which CN is associated with the lateral rectus muscle

A

CN 6 Abducens

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40
Q

all other extra ocular eye muscles besides lateral rectus and dorsal oblique are associated with which CN?

A

CN 3

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41
Q

Which CN gives immediate feedback if you are exceeding metabolic rate?

A

CN 3 (pupillary light reflex)

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42
Q

The edinger westphal nucleus originates in _____?

A

Mesencephalon

43
Q

The interomedial lateral column originates in the _____?

A

edinger westphal nucleus

44
Q

The Rhombencephalon forms _____

A

Metencephalon

45
Q

The metencephalon forms ____ and ____

A

Pons and Cerebellum

46
Q

which CN nuclei originate in metencephalon(pons)?

A

CN 5, 6, 7, 8

47
Q

What are the muscles of mastication? 1_____ and 2______

A

Masseter & temporalis (CN 5 V3)

48
Q

which CN is associated most with muscles of facial expression?

A

CN 7 Facial N.

49
Q

anterior 2/3’s of tongue taste sensation involves which CN?

A

CN 7 Facial

50
Q

Which of the CN is the LONGEST

A

CN 10 Vagus “the wanderer”

51
Q

Which of the CN is mostly associated with action of swallowing food?

A

CN 9 Glossopharyngeal

52
Q

Which CN is involved most with tongue movement?

A

CN 12 Hypoglossal

53
Q

If tongue is weak and constantly is drooped to the right, where is the nerve damage? left or right?

A

Right side droop = Right side nerve damage

54
Q

The palpebral reflex tests the integrity of which CN?

A

CN 5, 7

55
Q

The corneal reflex tests the integrity of which CN?

A

CN V1, CN 7

56
Q

in general, inflammation produces _____.

A

Scar-tissue

57
Q

What does a neuron NEED to survive?

A

oxygen, glucose, freq of firing of presynaptic pool, neurotrophic factors

58
Q

Where is the intercapital ligament NOT found?

A

in first and last rib

59
Q

AV node is left or right vagus?

A

LEFT VAGUS

60
Q

SA node is left or right vagus?

A

RIGHT VAGUS

61
Q

Describe “coupled motion”

A

There cannot be lateral bending without axial rotation and vise versa

62
Q

What are the Triad of symptoms?

A

Heat, tenderness, lack of motion

63
Q

What is the X axis associated with in humans?

A

Flexion and Extension

64
Q

What is the X axis associated with in Cats?

A

Flexion and Extension

65
Q

What is the Y axis associated with in humans?

A

Axial ROTATION

66
Q

What is the Y axis associated with in quadrupeds?

A

Lateral Bend

67
Q

What is the Z axis associated with in humans?

A

Lateral bend

68
Q

What is the Z axis associated with in horses?

A

Axial rotation

69
Q

What are the main components that traverse the IVF?

A

DRG, spinal nerve, Dura mater, CSF, Adipose tissue, veins and artery, transforaminal lig, recurrent meningeal nerve

70
Q

Which part of the disc has no innervation and no blood supply?

A

Nucleus Pulposes

71
Q

Restriction of motion eventually causes 3 things….

A

Inflammation, DJD, Instability

72
Q

what is an example of reflexogenic movement?

A

Typing, riding a bike

73
Q

where is there NO IVF?

A

between C0-C1 and C1-C2

74
Q

When joints are immobilized the muscles associated with them undergo ______

A

disuse atrophy

75
Q

Main goal of a manual chiropractic adjustment?

A

Impart motion at a magnitude that will be therapeutic… the end result of any adjustment is stimulation of the nervous system (Cortex)

76
Q

who is given credit for founding the AVCA in 1989?

A

Dr. Sharon Willoughby

77
Q

Where is the anticlinal vertebrae in the horse?

A

T15

78
Q

Where is the anticlinal vertebrae in the dog?

A

T11

79
Q

What is the number 1 sign of nerve damage?

A

Paresis

80
Q

What vertebrae has quite large transverse processes just lateral of trachea on dog?

A

C6

81
Q

What is the most common SCP for adjusting cervical vertebrae?

A

Lamina pedicle junction

82
Q

The cervical facets move in what degree in each plane?

A

45 in the x,y,z

83
Q

The “hills” describe the ___ while the “valleys” describe the _____

A

Hills= Facets , Valleys= Lamina Pedicle Junction

84
Q

Where are GTO most abundant?

A

Musculotendinous junction

85
Q

Primary function of the GTO is…

A

To measure tension at origin and insertion

86
Q

The primary stimulation of gamma motor neurons is coming from _____

A

suprasegmental levels

87
Q

The primary job of the gamma motor neuron is_____

A

to stimulate the polar ends which in turn maintains tautness and firing of the annulo spinal ring.

88
Q

The annulo-sprial rings send afferent (sensory) info to the cord via what fibers?

A

Type Ia (roman numeral one a)

89
Q

All sensory information is _______

A

DIVERGENT

90
Q

All motoric information is_______

A

CONVERGENT

91
Q

All interneurons are ____

A

inhibitory in nature

92
Q

flower end spray to the cord via what type fiber?

A

II (roman numeral 2)

93
Q

Intrafusal fibers attach here…

A

polar ends

94
Q

muscle spindle cells are most commonly located here…

A

equitorial region of muscle belly

95
Q

The primary function of the muscle spindle cells is____

A

measure length

96
Q

Which type of receptor is everywhere but very thin and NOT myelinated

A

C Fibers

97
Q

ALL afferent (sensory) info into the dorsal horn is _____

A

EXCITATORY

98
Q

ALL Interneurons are_____

A

INHIBITORY

99
Q

Interneurons release neurotransmitters, one of which being ______

A

GABA (inhibitory)

100
Q

The GTO fires into the dorsal horn via what type fibers?

A

Ib (roman numeral one b)

101
Q

A “stretch and release” increases what?

A

Muscle spindles and TONE

102
Q

A “stretch and hold” causes what?

A

In general, GTO’s to fire and muscles FATIGUE/RELAX

103
Q

What best describes a “fast stretch”?

A

The chiropractic adjustment! Stimulates more GTO’s the end! (allows for more ROM)

Healing Oasis Module 1 (1 decks)

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