Module 1 Flashcards
Herbs contain medicinal chemical substances that are known as what kind of constituents?
Active
Fluid extracts are generally twice the strength of a tincture and contain only small quantities of alcohol. True or false?
True, extracts require specialized equipment to prepare, and are not suitable for home preparation. They can be prepared by evaporation, called percolation, or high-pressure depending on the herbs constituents.
Taken before meals in small doses, ________ stimulates appetite by promoting the flow of digestive fluids.
Bitter principles. They are non-poisonous substances with generally a strong, bitter, but not unpleasant taste. If taken before meals in small doses they can stimulate the appetite by promoting the flow of digestive juices. Larger doses tend to reduce the appetite.
Which type of preparation is most useful as topical application for strained muscles, swellings, and abscesses?
Formentations. Formentation are intended for external application they can be applied either hot or cold depending on the condition. cold – for sprains and bruises. Hot or warm for aches, pains, menstrual cramps, abscesses, and boils.
Syrups are particularly useful for _______ mixtures, we are peppermint or licorice can be added to improve the taste.
Cough
All botanicals require a 90% alcohol concentration to extract they’re active constituents in a tincture. True or false?
False. Alcohol percentages can be adjusted for different botanicals. If you have 90% alcohol you can certainly use this but to save money you can dilute it by 30% with distilled water and still be sure that you are extracting the active constituents. Alcohol that is above 75% alcohol content extract the constituents more quickly.
_______ have a strong, usually pleasant odor, and our obtain predominately by distillation.
Essential oils. Generally, all herbs contain some essential oil but some species have a higher concentration than others. They are volatile aromatic compounds, generally with a pleasant fragrance and are obtained by distillation or solvent extraction.
_________ Forms a layer on the surface of mucous membrane, soothing inflammation and protecting from invading irritants.
Mucilage. All living plants produce mucilaginous compounds because of metabolic activity, however, some plants have a higher concentration making them useful to herbalists.
_______ are used for hardwood he substances such as roots, Berks, and stands his constituents are water-soluble and non-volatile.
Decoctions. Decoctions are intended for immediate use and can be stored for a maximum of 72 hours in a very cool place. Decoctions extract mainly mineral salts and bitter principles.
________ Are similar to tease but are generally stronger, extracting more of certain active constituents.
Infusions. And infusion is stronger than a T and will extract glycosides, alkaloid salts, and water soluble vitamins infusions are intended for immediate use and can be stored for a maximum of 24 hours in a cool place.
Tinctures our preparations that extract the medicine all substances of herbs into a solution using _______, vegetable glycerin, or vinegar.
Alcohol. Tinctures are extremely useful for the herbal consultants, as many people do not want to bother with prepping teas. They are simple to dispense and quick and easy. They are also useful where an infusion or decoction would taste too bitter to drink, tinctures will last and definitely if stored correctly.
The therapeutic margin is the dividing line between _______?
Effectiveness and toxicity
Alkaloids are naturally occurring substances that are very potent and can have poisonous effects when taken in _______ doses.
Excessive. Alkaloids are among the most efficient and therapeutically significant substances known. About 15 to 30% of all flowering plants contain alkaloids. They can have a poisonous effect if taken in excessive doses.
Ointments can use ______ as a base?
Lanolin, oil, beeswax. Appointments or selves are a useful method of applying herbs to the skin the herb is held in suspension and a certain amount of absorption of active constituents occurs through the skin. the ingredients making up the block of the pointman it can also have therapeutic value.
An excessive dose of _______ can cause irritation to the stomach wall and liver damage. If a cold infusion is prepared, only a small proportion is absorbed.
Tannins. Tannin is an organic, non-nitrogenous substance that has astringent and antiviral properties. Herbs containing tannin bind albumin in the skin and mucous membranes and form a watertight protective layer, resistant to disease.
