Module 1 Flashcards
Function:
Midbrain
- contains areas for auditory and visual reflexes
- has important nuclei for stabilising somatic movement
- relays impulses to two important reflex integration areas
Function:
Pons
- Has sleep centre and respiratory centre
- bridge between mid brain, MO, cerebrum, spinal cord and cerebellum
Function:
Medulla Oblongata
-has ascending and descending pathways
-also has important integration areas for important reflex such as:
:- respiratory centre
:- cardiac centre
:- vasomotor centre
:- coughing and sneezing
:- vomiting
:- hiccuping
:- swallowing
What is the main difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
- endocrine gland are ductless, thus they secrete their products (hormones) directly into blood
- exocrine glands have ducts, thus they secrete their products directly into the point of release
What is a tropic hormone?
Give examples
A hormone that stimulates the release of another hormone from other endocrine glands.
E.g. FSH, ACTH, LH, TSH, APG inhibiting and releasing hormones
Define with example:
Autocrine
- hormones that affect the same cells that release them.
- e.g. WBCs during an infection release a hormone which causes them to divide
Define with example: Paracrine
- hormones that affect neighbouring cells
- e.g. GUT cells release hormone histamine which causes local vasodilation
Define with example:
Endocrine
- Hormones that affect sites distant from source
- e.g. ACTH from APG stimulates release of hormones from the gonads
What is the solubility & M.O.A of:
Protein (glyco), Peptide (poly) and Amino acid derived hormones?
- Solubility: water soluble
- MOA: indirect
What is the solubility & M.O.A of:
Steroid derived hormones?
- solubility: lipid soluble
- MOA: direct
Which hormones are protein (glyco) derived?
Hint: there are 5
- FSH
- lutenising hormone
- TSH
- GH
- insulin
Which hormones are peptide (poly) derived?
Hint: there are 5
- PTH
- ACTH
- glucagon
- ADH
- Calcitonin
Which hormones are aa derived?
Hint: there are 2
- Adrenaline
- T3/T4 (But these act as steroid hormones, have solubility in water but act as steroid based hormone (direct method of action))
Which hormones are steroid derived?
Hint there are 2
- Aldosterone
- Cortisol
What type of control is initiated in the cerebral cortex?
Conscious control–> we are aware of its actions.