Module 1

Question 1

phase cells replicate DNA

Answer 1

S phase

Question 2

Preparation for mitosis

Answer 2

G2 phase

Question 3

Quiescent Phase

Answer 3

G0

Question 4

Cyclins regulate activity of

Answer 4

CDK

Question 5

Cyclin temporal expression

Answer 5

D E A B. Cyclins change expression, cdks stay the same.

Question 6

Rb/E2F cascade

Answer 6

Growth Factor increases D1. CDK4/D1 phosphrylates Rb/retinoblastoma. Quiscent RB is bound to E2f. Phophorylation causes detachment of E2F. E2F regulates expression of cell cycle synthesis

Question 7

Rb

Answer 7

Tumor Supressor.

Question 8

p21

Answer 8

group of cyclin inhibitors.

Question 9

p53

Answer 9

activates p21 family. tunor supressor. Inhibits cyclins, Activates apoptosis in response to DNA damage.

Question 10

Proto oncogenes

Answer 10

do not cause cancerin normal expression. Overexpression causes uncontrolled cell division. Oncogene is mutated form.

Question 11

Tumor supression mutation

Answer 11

uncontrolled cell growth when mutation causes loss of function.

Question 12

property oncogene

Answer 12

Dominant gain of function Inheritance never observed. Present in somatic mutations of cancers.

Question 13

property tumor supressor gene

Answer 13

Recessive loss of function. Basis for inherited cancer predisposition. Present in somatic mutations of cancers.

Question 14

Necrosis

Answer 14

murder, passive,non passive. swelling,

Question 15

apoptosis

Answer 15

suicide, preprogrammed/active, shrinking, atp dependent. Blebs formed in plasma membrane. endonucleases cause ladder pattern.

Question 16

caspases activate:

Answer 16

cleavage of specific cellular proteins and activation of endonucleases.

Question 17

p53

Answer 17

activates pro apoptoic genes an dsuppresses anti apoptic genes.

Question 18

BCL2

Answer 18

antiapoptotic.