Module 1

Question 1

public health

Answer 1

the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community efforts..

Question 2

Community health

Answer 2

the identification of needs, along with the protection and improvement of collective health, within a geographically defined area

Question 3

Community

Answer 3

refers to a collection of people who interact with one another and whose common interests and characteristics form the basis for a sense of unity or belonging

Question 4

Geographic community

Answer 4

a community defined by its geographic boundaries

Question 5

Global health

Answer 5

the health of the world as one large community

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

refers to all of the people occupying an area, or to all of those who share one or more characteristics

Question 7

Aggregate

Answer 7

refers to a mass or grouping of distinct individuals who are considered as a whole

Question 8

Health

Answer 8

a holistic state of wellbeing, which includes soundness of mind, body, and spirit

Question 9

Wellness

Answer 9

includes the definition of health but also incorporates the capacity to develop a person’s potential to lead a fulfilling and productive life

Question 10

Illness

Answer 10

a state of being relatively unhealthy

Question 11

Genomics

Answer 11

the identification and plotting of human genes and the study of interaction of genes with each other and the environment

Question 12

Pharmacogenomics

Answer 12

a type of preventative health care with intervention services individually designed based on genetic findings

Question 13

Epigenetics

Answer 13

the study of human gene activity changes not involving alterations in DNA that can be passed from one generation to the next

Question 14

Health continuum

Answer 14

health involves a range of degrees from optimal health at one end to total disability or death at the other

Question 15

Continuous needs

Answer 15

birth to death developmental health care needs

Question 16

Episodic needs

Answer 16

one time, specific, negative health event

Question 17

Health promotion

Answer 17

all efforts that seek to move people closer to optimal wellbeing or higher levels of wellness

Question 18

Primary prevention

Answer 18

includes measures taken to keep illness or injuries from occurring

Question 19

Secondary prevention

Answer 19

involves efforts to detect and treat existing health problems at the earliest possible stage, when disease or impairment is already present

Question 20

Tertiary prevention

Answer 20

attempts to reduce the extent and severity of a health problem to its lowest possible level, so as to minimize disability and restore or preserve function

Question 21

Community health nursing

Answer 21

combines nursing science with public health science to formulate a community-based and population-focused practice

Question 22

Public health nursing

Answer 22

nursing professional with educational, preparation in public health and nursing science with a primary focus on population-level outcomes

Question 23

Population-focused

Answer 23

meaning that it is concerned for the health status of the population groups and their environment

Question 24

Health literacy

Answer 24

the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions

Question 25

Self-care

Answer 25

the process of taking responsibility for developing one’s own health potential

Question 26

Self-care deficit

Answer 26

when people’s ability to continue self-care activities drops below their need

Question 27

Collaboration

Answer 27

community health nurses must work in cooperation with other team members, coordinating services and addressing the needs of population groups

Question 28

Community based nursing

Answer 28

can be seen within the historical development of home-care nursing

Question 29

Nightingale model

Answer 29

a standard for proper education and supervision of nurses in practice

Question 30

District nursing

Answer 30

the formal organization of visiting nursing

Question 31

Industrial nursing

Answer 31

another form of public health nursing where nurses assisted company physicians and took care of sick employees and their families in their homes

Question 32

Visiting Nurses Association

Answer 32

local agency that worked with nursing centers to provide nurses

Question 33

Frontier Nursing Service

Answer 33

rural nursing started by Mary Breckenridge to serve mountain families in Kentucky

Question 34

Causal thinking

Answer 34

relating disease or illness to its cause

Question 35

Assessment

Answer 35

the community health nurse must gather and analyze information that will affect the health of the people to be served

Question 36

Policy development

Answer 36

uses the scientific information gathered during assessment to create comprehensive public health policies

Question 37

Assurance activities

Answer 37

activities that make certain that services are provided

Question 38

clinician

Answer 38

the nurse ensures health services are provided not just to individuals and families, but also to groups and populations

Question 39

Educator

Answer 39

health teacher; useful in promoting the public’s health

Question 40

Advocate

Answer 40

acting on behalf of clients

Question 41

Manager

Answer 41

the nurse exercises administrative direction toward the accomplishment of specified goals

Question 42

Leader

Answer 42

the nurse directs, influences, or persuades others to effect change that will positively impact people’s health and move them toward a goal

Question 43

Case management

Answer 43

systematic process by which a nurse assesses a clients’ needs, plans for and coordinates services, refers to other appropriate providers, and monitors and evaluates progress to ensure that clients’ multiple service needs are met in a cost-effective manner

Question 44

Collaborator

Answer 44

working jointly with others in a common endeavor, cooperating as partners

Question 45

Researcher

Answer 45

community health nurses engage in the systematic investigation, collection, and analysis of data for solving problems and enhancing community health practice