Module 1 Flashcards
public health
the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community efforts..
Community health
the identification of needs, along with the protection and improvement of collective health, within a geographically defined area
Community
refers to a collection of people who interact with one another and whose common interests and characteristics form the basis for a sense of unity or belonging
Geographic community
a community defined by its geographic boundaries
Global health
the health of the world as one large community
Population
refers to all of the people occupying an area, or to all of those who share one or more characteristics
Aggregate
refers to a mass or grouping of distinct individuals who are considered as a whole
Health
a holistic state of wellbeing, which includes soundness of mind, body, and spirit
Wellness
includes the definition of health but also incorporates the capacity to develop a person’s potential to lead a fulfilling and productive life
Illness
a state of being relatively unhealthy
Genomics
the identification and plotting of human genes and the study of interaction of genes with each other and the environment
Pharmacogenomics
a type of preventative health care with intervention services individually designed based on genetic findings
Epigenetics
the study of human gene activity changes not involving alterations in DNA that can be passed from one generation to the next
Health continuum
health involves a range of degrees from optimal health at one end to total disability or death at the other
Continuous needs
birth to death developmental health care needs
Episodic needs
one time, specific, negative health event
Health promotion
all efforts that seek to move people closer to optimal wellbeing or higher levels of wellness
Primary prevention
includes measures taken to keep illness or injuries from occurring
Secondary prevention
involves efforts to detect and treat existing health problems at the earliest possible stage, when disease or impairment is already present
Tertiary prevention
attempts to reduce the extent and severity of a health problem to its lowest possible level, so as to minimize disability and restore or preserve function
Community health nursing
combines nursing science with public health science to formulate a community-based and population-focused practice
Public health nursing
nursing professional with educational, preparation in public health and nursing science with a primary focus on population-level outcomes
Population-focused
meaning that it is concerned for the health status of the population groups and their environment
Health literacy
the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
Self-care
the process of taking responsibility for developing one’s own health potential
Self-care deficit
when people’s ability to continue self-care activities drops below their need
Collaboration
community health nurses must work in cooperation with other team members, coordinating services and addressing the needs of population groups
Community based nursing
can be seen within the historical development of home-care nursing
Nightingale model
a standard for proper education and supervision of nurses in practice
District nursing
the formal organization of visiting nursing
Industrial nursing
another form of public health nursing where nurses assisted company physicians and took care of sick employees and their families in their homes
Visiting Nurses Association
local agency that worked with nursing centers to provide nurses
Frontier Nursing Service
rural nursing started by Mary Breckenridge to serve mountain families in Kentucky
Causal thinking
relating disease or illness to its cause
Assessment
the community health nurse must gather and analyze information that will affect the health of the people to be served
Policy development
uses the scientific information gathered during assessment to create comprehensive public health policies
Assurance activities
activities that make certain that services are provided
clinician
the nurse ensures health services are provided not just to individuals and families, but also to groups and populations
Educator
health teacher; useful in promoting the public’s health
Advocate
acting on behalf of clients
Manager
the nurse exercises administrative direction toward the accomplishment of specified goals
Leader
the nurse directs, influences, or persuades others to effect change that will positively impact people’s health and move them toward a goal
Case management
systematic process by which a nurse assesses a clients’ needs, plans for and coordinates services, refers to other appropriate providers, and monitors and evaluates progress to ensure that clients’ multiple service needs are met in a cost-effective manner
Collaborator
working jointly with others in a common endeavor, cooperating as partners
Researcher
community health nurses engage in the systematic investigation, collection, and analysis of data for solving problems and enhancing community health practice
