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cloud practitioner essential > Module 1-5 > Flashcards

Module 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Client-Server Model

A

A relationship in which one program, the client, requests a service or resource from another program, the server

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2
Q

Cloud Computing

A

-A model that provides on-demand access to computing resources, such as storage, databases, and processing power, over the internet
-On-demand delivery of IT resources and applications through the Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing

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3
Q

IaaS

A

-Infrastructure as a Service
-A cloud computing service that allows users to rent access to computing resources like storage, servers, and networking on demand

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4
Q

PaaS

A

-Platform as a Service
-A cloud computing model that provides a complete environment for developing, running, and managing applications

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5
Q

SaaS

A

-Software as a Service
-A cloud-based model for delivering software applications to users over the internet

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6
Q

EC2

A

-Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
-The service you use to gain access to virtual servers when working with AWS, using EC2 instances
-A web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud

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7
Q

Multitenancy

A

-Architecture that allows a single instance of a software application to serve multiple tenants, or groups of users, simultaneously
-Does not affect speed, privacy, security…

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8
Q

Hypervisor

A

-A software program that allows a single physical computer to run multiple virtual machines (VMs)
-Also known as a virtual machine monitor or VMM, -Software that creates and runs virtual machines (VMs).

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9
Q

General Purpose EC2 Instance

A

A balance of compute, memory, and networking resources

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10
Q

Compute Optimized EC2 Instance

A

Ideal for compute-bound applications that benefit from high-performance processors

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11
Q

Memory Optimized EC2 Instance

A

Designed to deliver fast performance for workloads that process large datasets in memory

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12
Q

Accelerated Computing EC2 Instance

A

Use hardware accelerators, or coprocessors, to perform some functions more efficiently than is possible in software running on CPUs

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13
Q

Storage Optimized EC2 Instance

A

Designed for workloads that require high, sequential read and write access to large datasets on local storage

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14
Q

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling

A

-Enables you to automatically add or remove Amazon EC2 instances in response to changing application demand
-Dynamic or predictive scaling policies let you add or remove EC2 instance capacity to service established or real-time demand patterns

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15
Q

Amazon ELB

A

-Amazon Elastic Load Balancing
-Acts as a single point of contact for all incoming web traffic to your Auto Scaling group
-AWS service that automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple resources, such as Amazon EC2 instances
-Remember, we always strive for decoupled architecture

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16
Q

Tightly vs loosely coupled architecture

A

-A monolithic application vs a microservices approach

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17
Q

Amazon SQS

A

-Amazon Simple Queue Service
-Lets you send, store, and receive messages between software components at any volume, without losing messages
-A message queue service that enables asynchronous communication between decoupled components of a distributed application
-A pull-based message queuing system

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18
Q

Amazon SNS

A

-Amazon Simple Notification Service
-Publish/subscribe or pub/sub model
-A pub/sub service for instant, push-based message distribution to multiple subscribers
-A messaging service that allows you to send notifications or messages to multiple subscribers

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19
Q

AWS Lambda

A

-An AWS service for serverless computing
-A serverless compute service for running code without having to provision or manage servers

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20
Q

Amazon ECS

A

-Amazon Elastic Container Service
-A highly scalable, high-performance container management system
-Enables you to run and scale containerized applications on AWS
-Supports Docker containers

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21
Q

Amazon EKS

A

-Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service
-A fully managed service that you can use to run Kubernetes on AWS

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22
Q

AWS Fargate

A

-A serverless compute engine for containers
-Works with both Amazon (ECS) and Amazon (EKS)

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23
Q

Availability Zone (AZ)

A

-A single data center or a group of data centers within a Region
-Located tens of miles apart from each other
-With redundant power, networking, and connectivity
-Best Practice: Run across at least two AZs in a Region

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24
Q

Edge Location

A

-A site that Amazon CloudFront uses to store cached copies of your content closer to your customers for faster delivery
-Content Delivery Network (CDN)

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25
Amazon CloudFront
-AWS version of a CDN -A service that helps deliver data, GIFs, video, applications, and APIs to customers around the world with low latency and high transfer speeds -Uses a network of edge locations to cache content and deliver content to customers all over the world
26
AWS Outposts
-A pool of AWS compute and storage capacity deployed at a customer site -AWS operates, monitors, and manages this capacity as part of an AWS Region -Think of it as its own little mini-region within an AWS Region -Isolated within your own company's building
27
API
-Application Programming Interface -A software intermediary that allows different programs to communicate with each other -A key component of the connected world -Enables users to perform actions like making reservations, placing orders, and booking flights
28
AWS Management Console
-Provides an easy-to-use interface that allows you to manage your resources through a web browser -Easily create and manage instances, databases, storage, and other resources -Provides a visual representation of your infrastructure, making it easier to understand and manage -AWS Console mobile application -Includes wizards and automated workflows that can simplify the process of completing tasks
29
AWS CLI
-AWS Command Line Interface -Allows you to make API calls using the terminal on your machine -A unified tool to manage your AWS services. With just one tool to download and configure, you can control multiple AWS services from the command line and automate them through scripts
30
AWS SDK
-AWS Software Development Kit -Provide APIs and libraries to connect to cloud storage services or access cloud computing services like databases, analytics, or machine learning -Developers use them to integrate with a cloud environment in their preferred language of choice -Allows you to interact with AWS resources through various programming languages
31
AWS Elastic Beanstalk
-Managed tool -Automatically handles the deployment—from capacity provisioning, load balancing, and auto scaling to application health monitoring -Provide your application code and desired configurations to the AWS Elastic Beanstalk service, which then takes that information and builds out your environment for you
32
AWS CloudFormation
-Infrastructure as Code (IaC) -Model a collection of related AWS and third-party resources, provision them, and manage them throughout their lifecycles -Allows you to define what you want to build without specifying the details of exactly how to build it
33
Amazon VPC
-Amazon Virtual Private Cloud -A service that allows users to create and manage virtual networks for their AWS accounts -Lets you provision a logically isolated section of the AWS Cloud where you can launch AWS resources in a virtual network that you define -These resources can be public facing so they have access to the internet, or private with no internet access
34
Subnets
-A range of IP addresses in your Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) -Operational, not perimeter, security -You launch AWS resources, such as Amazon EC2 instances, into your subnets -Connect a subnet to the internet, other VPCs, and your own data centers -Route traffic to and from your subnets using route tables -Along with networking rules control whether resources are either publicly or privately available
35
IGW
-Internet Gateway -Attach an internet gateway to your VPC to allow public traffic from the internet to access your VPC -Check the image in your notes
36
Virtual Private Gateway
-Only allows people in if they are coming from an approved network, not the public internet -Allows you to create a VPN connection between a private network, like your on-premises data center or internal corporate network, to your VPC -Enables you to establish a virtual private network (VPN) connection between your VPC and a private network, such as an on-premises data center or internal corporate network
37
AWS Direct Connect
-A cloud service that links your network directly to AWS -Bypasses the public Internet and establishes a dedicated, private connection between on-premises infrastructure and an AWS Location
38
AWS Gateways
-There are many different types -Different use cases (Public vs Private) -Different levels of security (Public vs AWS Direct Connect) -One VPC can have multiple types of gateways attached for multiple types of resources in one VPC, just in different subnets
39
ACL
-Network ACLs (Access Control List) -A virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet level -Think of them as passport control -Your account’s default ACL allows all traffic, but you can modify it
40
Stateless Packet Filtering
-Inspect packets in isolation, without considering the context of the traffic flow. -Evaluates each packet against the firewall policy's stateless rules, and then applies the rule's specified action to the packet -Remember nothing and check all packets that cross the subnet border each way -Like an ACL, or passport control
41
Security Groups
-Instance-level network security (not subnet-level like an ACL) -Evaluates all inbound traffic and allows all outbound traffic -Acts as a virtual firewall for your EC2 instances
42
Stateful Packet Filtering
-Keeps a record of all active network connections and transactions, and uses this information to determine which traffic to allow or block -VS Stateless: stateful firewalls track the state of network connections, while stateless firewalls do not
43
DNS
-Domain Name System -Essential part of a global networking -Enter a web address into a browser and access a site -DNS Resolver: the process of translating a domain name to an IP address
44
Amazon Route 53
-A DNS web service -A reliable way to route end users to internet applications hosted in AWS -Manage the DNS records for domain names -Streamlines the setup of DNS routing by providing domain name registration, with intuitive visual traffic flow tools
45
Instance Store
-A storage volume that acts as a physical hard drive -Provides temporary storage for Amazon EC2 instance -The data in an instance store persists during the lifetime of its instance -If an instance reboots, data in the instance store will persist
46
EBS
-Amazon Elastic Block Store -Allows you to create and attach storage volumes to Amazon EC2 instances -When you use your laptop or personal computer, you are accessing block-level storage
47
EBS Snapshot
-An incremental backup -Only the blocks of data that have changed since the most recent snapshot are saved
48
Amazon S3
-Amazon Simple Storage Service -Object storage; each object consists of data, metadata, and a key -Stores data as objects in buckets -Variety of storage classes I need to get fluent in
49
Amazon EFS
-Amazon Elastic File System -Provides shared file storage for use with EC2 instances and on-premises servers -Multiple clients can access data that is stored in shared file folders simultaneously -Ideal for use cases in which a large number of services and resources need to access the same data at the same time (unlike block or object storage)
50
Amazon EBS
-Amazon Elastic Block Storage -Accessible to only a single EC2 instance at a time -Also known as per-instance storage -Most like your physical hard drive -An EBS volume stores data in a single AZ -The EC2 instance and the EBS volume must be in the same AZ)
51
Amazon RDS
-Amazon Relational Database Service -Automates the undifferentiated administrative tasks of managing a database, such as provisioning, patching, and backups -Opposed to manual, lift-and-shift, Database migration
52
RDBMS
-Relational Database Management System -Amazon Relational Database Service -Data is stored in a way that relates it to other pieces of data -A way to store and access data in tables with defined relationships between data points -Uses SQL to store and query data
53
Amazon Aurora
-An enterprise-class relational database -Consider if your workloads require high availability -Data is replicated across facilities, so you have six copies at any given time and can deploy up to 15 read replicas -Continuous backups to S3 and point-in-time recovery
54
Amazon DynamoDB
-Non-relational databases: you create tables where you can store and query data -Sometimes referred to as “NoSQL databases” -Use structures other than rows and columns to organize data, like the key-value pair -Tend to have simple flexible schemas
55
Amazon RDS vs. Amazon DynamoDB
-Amazon RDS: Relational, you control the data/schema/network, built for analytics -Amazon DynamoDB Non-relational, NoSQL, flexible schema, built for not-analytics, built for where you have not-joint functionality
56
Amazon Redshift
-Data warehousing, but also data analytics (historical, not operation analytics -Uses SQL to analyze structured and semi-structured data across data warehouses, operational databases, and data lakes -Think of it as Data-Warehousing-as-a-Service (DWaaS)
57
AWS DMS
-AWS Database Migration Service -Migrate relational databases, data warehouses, NoSQL databases, and other types of data stores -Other use cases for AWS DMS; Development and Test Database Migrations, Database Consolidation, Continuous Replication
58
Homogenous and Heterogeneous Migrations
-Homogenous: between the same database type, one step -Heterogeneous: different database types, two steps -AWS Schema Conversion Tool: converts everything to the targets database type
59
Amazon DocumentDB
-makes it easy and cost effective to operate critical document workloads at virtually any scale without managing infrastructure -A document database service -Supports MongoDB workloads -Great for content management, catalogs, user profiles
60
Amazon Neptune
-Quickly analyzes graph data for insights and trends -From data stored in Amazon S3 buckets or Neptune Database -Use it to build and run applications that work with highly connected datasets -Social Networking, recommendation engines, fraud detection, knowledge graphs....
61
Amazon QLDB
-Amazon Quantum Ledger Database -A transparent, immutable, and cryptographically verifiable transaction log -A record where any entry can never be removed from the audits
62
Amazon Managed Blockchain
-A distributed ledger system -Entire networks of a supply chain can document updates to a single shared ledger, which provides total data visibility and a single source of truth -Transactions are always time-stamped and up to date, companies can query a product's status and location at any point in time
63
Amazon ElastiCache
-A service that adds caching layers on top of your databases to help improve the read times of common requests -Makes it easy to set up, manage, and scale a distributed in-memory data store or cache environment in the cloud
64
Amazon (DAX)
-Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator -An in-memory cache for DynamoDB -Helps improve response times from single-digit milliseconds to microseconds

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