Module 1 Flashcards
What are the six essential features for disease transmission?
Infectious Agent Reservoir Port of Exit Mode of Transmission Port of Entry Susceptible Host
List the factors that influence the development of infection
Number of organisms Duration of exposure Virulence of the organisms Immune status of the host General physical health and nutritional status of the host
________, systemic diseases, drug therapy, and _______ are all factors that alter normal defenses
Abnormal physical condition (congenital or acquired)
Prostheses and Transplants
Give an example of a systemic disease
Diabetes
Alcoholism
AIDS
Give and example of drug therapy
Steroids
Immunosuppressants
Airborne infections can be passes to a host through ______ or ______
Dust-borne organisms
Aerosol Production
_______, _______, and _______ travel in the dust
Clostridium tetani (tetanus bacillus)
Staphylococcus Auresus
Enteric Bacteria
What can we do to control or decrease the number of dust-borne pathogens?
Disinfect the surfaces of all equipment that could be contacted during an appointment
What are the two categories for airborne particles?
Aerosols
Spatter
How are airborne particles classified?
By size
Aerosols are less than ______ in diameter and nearly all are less than ______
50 mu
5 mu
_______ are biological contaminants that occur in solid or liquid form, are _______, may remain suspended in air for a _______ period of time, and may contain ______ organisms
Aerosols
Invisible
Long
Respiratory disease-producing
What is another name for an aerosol particle?
Droplet Nuclei
Aerosols ______ or smaller may be breathed deep into the lungs
5 mu
Heavier, larger particles that may remain airborne for a short period of time are?
Spatter
Why does Spatter only remain airborne for a short period of time?
Because of it’s size and weight
Spatter is composed of particles ______ than 50 mu in diameter, and usually fall within ______ of origin
Greater
2 feet
Spatter may be ______ especially after landing on an origin like ______, ______, or ______
Visible
Objects
People
Floor
Aerosols and spatter are created by ______, speaking, coughing, ______, and ______
Breathing
Sneezing
Singing
When are aerosols and spatter produced?
During intraoral procedures such as treatment or an exam
The number of aerosols ______ when produced by ______, air/water spray, hand piece activity, or ______
Increases
Air spray
Ultrasonic scaling
______, ______, and ______ and provide contents of aerosols
Microorganisms
Particles of Cavity preparation
Ultrasonic scaling
An aerosol may contain a ______ organism or ______ of microorganisms adhered by ______ contained within a ______ droplet
Single
Clump
Dust
Liquid
List the contents of aerosols from cavity preparation
Tooth fragments
Microorganisms from saliva, biofilm, and/or oropharynx/nasopharynx
Oil from handpiece
Water from cooling equipment
What are some of the microorganisms found in aerosols from Ultrasonic scaling?
Staphylococcus auresus, albus, and pyogenes Streptococcus viridans Lactobacilli Actinomyces Pneumococci Diphtheroids
______ may also be spread by ultrasonic scaling
Viruses
______ aerosols and ______ are in greater concentration ______ to the site of instrumentation
Bacteria-laden
Spatter
Close
The quantity of aerosols and spatter ______ with distance
Decreases
How do aerosols travel? Can they move to different rooms?
With the air currents
Yes, they can move from room to room
How can we prevent the transmission of infection?
Eliminate the organisms at their source
Interrupt the transmission
Protect susceptible recipients
Monitor procedures for all patients with/without a known serious communicable disease
Oral Hygiene (OH) procedures
Use clean water
Wear protective gear (patient and clinician)
What can we do to prevent transmission before the pt sits down?
OH measures such as brushing teeth and use of an antiseptic mouthrinse
Use of a rubber dam, ______ suction, ______ instrumentation, ______ of dust and dirt, use clean distilled ______, and protective wear for the ______ and ______ are ways to ______ the transmission
High-volume Manual Removal Water Clinician Patient Interrupt
