Module 1

Question 1

What are the six essential features for disease transmission?

Answer 1

Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Port of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Port of Entry
Susceptible Host

Question 2

List the factors that influence the development of infection

Answer 2

Number of organisms
Duration of exposure
Virulence of the organisms
Immune status of the host
General physical health and nutritional status of the host

Question 3

________, systemic diseases, drug therapy, and _______ are all factors that alter normal defenses

Answer 3

Abnormal physical condition (congenital or acquired)

Prostheses and Transplants

Question 4

Give an example of a systemic disease

Answer 4

Diabetes
Alcoholism
AIDS

Question 5

Give and example of drug therapy

Answer 5

Steroids

Immunosuppressants

Question 6

Airborne infections can be passes to a host through ______ or ______

Answer 6

Dust-borne organisms

Aerosol Production

Question 7

_______, _______, and _______ travel in the dust

Answer 7

Clostridium tetani (tetanus bacillus)
Staphylococcus Auresus
Enteric Bacteria

Question 8

What can we do to control or decrease the number of dust-borne pathogens?

Answer 8

Disinfect the surfaces of all equipment that could be contacted during an appointment

Question 9

What are the two categories for airborne particles?

Answer 9

Aerosols

Spatter

Question 10

How are airborne particles classified?

Answer 10

By size

Question 11

Aerosols are less than ______ in diameter and nearly all are less than ______

Answer 11

50 mu

5 mu

Question 12

_______ are biological contaminants that occur in solid or liquid form, are _______, may remain suspended in air for a _______ period of time, and may contain ______ organisms

Answer 12

Aerosols
Invisible
Long
Respiratory disease-producing

Question 13

What is another name for an aerosol particle?

Answer 13

Droplet Nuclei

Question 14

Aerosols ______ or smaller may be breathed deep into the lungs

Answer 14

5 mu

Question 15

Heavier, larger particles that may remain airborne for a short period of time are?

Answer 15

Spatter

Question 16

Why does Spatter only remain airborne for a short period of time?

Answer 16

Because of it’s size and weight

Question 17

Spatter is composed of particles ______ than 50 mu in diameter, and usually fall within ______ of origin

Answer 17

Greater

2 feet

Question 18

Spatter may be ______ especially after landing on an origin like ______, ______, or ______

Answer 18

Visible
Objects
People
Floor

Question 19

Aerosols and spatter are created by ______, speaking, coughing, ______, and ______

Answer 19

Breathing
Sneezing
Singing

Question 20

When are aerosols and spatter produced?

Answer 20

During intraoral procedures such as treatment or an exam

Question 21

The number of aerosols ______ when produced by ______, air/water spray, hand piece activity, or ______

Answer 21

Increases
Air spray
Ultrasonic scaling

Question 22

______, ______, and ______ and provide contents of aerosols

Answer 22

Microorganisms
Particles of Cavity preparation
Ultrasonic scaling

Question 23

An aerosol may contain a ______ organism or ______ of microorganisms adhered by ______ contained within a ______ droplet

Answer 23

Single
Clump
Dust
Liquid

Question 24

List the contents of aerosols from cavity preparation

Answer 24

Tooth fragments
Microorganisms from saliva, biofilm, and/or oropharynx/nasopharynx
Oil from handpiece
Water from cooling equipment

Question 25

What are some of the microorganisms found in aerosols from Ultrasonic scaling?

Answer 25

``` Staphylococcus auresus, albus, and pyogenes Streptococcus viridans Lactobacilli Actinomyces Pneumococci Diphtheroids ```

Question 26

______ may also be spread by ultrasonic scaling

Answer 26

Viruses

Question 27

______ aerosols and ______ are in greater concentration ______ to the site of instrumentation

Answer 27

Bacteria-laden Spatter Close

Question 28

The quantity of aerosols and spatter ______ with distance

Answer 28

Decreases

Question 29

How do aerosols travel? Can they move to different rooms?

Answer 29

With the air currents | Yes, they can move from room to room

Question 30

How can we prevent the transmission of infection?

Answer 30

Eliminate the organisms at their source Interrupt the transmission Protect susceptible recipients Monitor procedures for all patients with/without a known serious communicable disease Oral Hygiene (OH) procedures Use clean water Wear protective gear (patient and clinician)

Question 31

What can we do to prevent transmission before the pt sits down?

Answer 31

OH measures such as brushing teeth and use of an antiseptic mouthrinse

Question 32

Use of a rubber dam, ______ suction, ______ instrumentation, ______ of dust and dirt, use clean distilled ______, and protective wear for the ______ and ______ are ways to ______ the transmission

Answer 32

``` High-volume Manual Removal Water Clinician Patient Interrupt ```