Module 1 Flashcards
Menstrual cycle is a reflection of cyclic release
of hormones on the _____________ -___________-___________ AXIS
Hypothalmic-Pituitary-Ovarian (HPO)
GnRH is secreted by the ___________ which…
Stimulates cells in the __________ to make…
____ and ____ which…
Act on the ________
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
FSH and LH
ovaries
In your brain, link FSH to ___________ and LH to _____________.
estrogen; ovulation
Menstrual cycle phases:
Ovarian cycle-3 phases:____, _____, _____
Uterine cycle-3 phases:____, _____, _____
A) Luteal phase B) Ovulatory phase C) Menstrual phase D) Follicular phase E) Secretory phase F) Proliferative phase
Ovarian cycle-3 phases: D, B, A
Follicular phase
Ovulatory phase
Luteal phase
Uterine cycle-3 phases: F, E, C
Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
Menstrual phase
Follicular Phase
– From start of _______ (day ____of cycle) to just before
___________.
– ___ to ____ days in length (Is this variable from woman to woman?)
menses (day 1 of cycle); ovulation
10 to 17 days in length; yes, it’s variable
Follicular Phase:
Early in the cycle (days ___to ___) multiple follicles are growing and and estrogen levels _____.
days 1 to 5;
rise
Follicular Phase:
In the _____-________ phase, competition is occuring to become dominant ______________ - one ________ becomes dominant on day ____. Other follicles give up and undergo ________.
mid-follicular; follicle; follicle, 7.
atresia
Mid-Follicular Phase:
__________ levels of estrogen act on the
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to inhibit
________ and _____ secretion in a
CLASSIC __________ FEEDBACK LOOP
Moderate; FSH and LH;
Negative
Follicular Phase:
Day___ through ______ of follicular
phase…dominant follicle continuing to mature
and produce _____ levels of estrogen…which…
Eventually stimulate _____ and _____ in a
CLASSIC ____________ FEEDBACK LOOP.
This leads to the ___________-inducing LH surge
End of follicular phase: follicle _____ on surface of
_________.
7 through end; high levels of estrogen;
FSH and LH; Positive
ovulation-inducing LH surge;
End of phase: follicle bulges on surface of ovary
Ovulatory Phase: – \_\_\_ surge then… – \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ protrudes, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ruptures and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is extruded… – \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_!!
LH surge then…
follicle protrudes, vesicle ruptures, and oocyte is extruded…
OVULATION!!
Luteal Phase: – Begins with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and ends when \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. – Luteal phase lasts \_\_\_\_ days (generally (does/does not) vary!) – After ovulation, walls of dominant follicle \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ inward – This follicle undergoes changes to form the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ovulation; when new cycle starts;
14 days; does not vary;
collapse;
corpus luteum (CL) - “yellow body”
Luteal Phase: Corpus luteum (CL) produces large amounts of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ This \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the growth of new follicles \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ causes an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in basal body temperature
progesterone;
suppresses;
Progesterone; elevation
Ovulation predictor kits are measuring the ____ surge, which is ____ ovulation.
The measurement of basal body temperature is an indicator of ____________, which is ______ ovulation.
LH; pre-ovulation;
progesterone; post-ovulation
Luteal Phase: If conception doesn’t occur, the CL rapidly regresses\_\_\_ to\_\_\_days after ovulation… Declining CL results in decreasing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ levels… and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ begins
9 to 11 days after ovulation;
decreasing progesterone levels;
menstruation begins
T/F: The proliferative phase is a progesterone dominant phase.
False. It is an estrogen dominant phase.
Proliferative phase:
- cycle days ____ through ____
– Increasing plasma __________levels
– Proliferation of __________ glands and ________
– Endometrium ___________ and ______________
– Endocervical glands, stimulated by _________,
produce thin, clear mucus to _________ ________,
facilitate ________ __________ and ___________
– Changes to help a woman _____ ___________
5 through 14; estrogen; endometrial glands and stroma; thickens and regenerates; estrogen; lubricate vagina, facilitate sperm capture and transport; GET PREGNANT
The secretory phase is a _________________ dominant phase.
progesterone
Secretory phase:
- cycle days ___ through ___
– Progestational phase…____________ acts on
__________-primed endometrium
– Endometrium _________ and ___________ glycogen,
mucus and other substances
– Cervical mucus is _______ and ________
Changes to help a woman ________ ___________
days 14 through 28;
progesterone; estrogen-primed endometrium;
cervical mucus is thick and sticky;
STAY PREGNANT
T/F: The uterus is quiet during the secretory phase.
True, no cramping or contractions to help sustain pregnancy if it occurred.
Menstrual phase: - cycle days \_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_ – Degeneration of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lining – Sloughing…\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ – Constriction of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_…decreased blood flow and oxygenation to endometrium
cycle days 1 to 5;
endometrial;
menstrual flow
spiral arterioles
_________________ is painful menses: cramping,
backache, abdominal pain
Dysmenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea is a diagnosis of ____________ with no evident ____________.
exclusion; no evident pathology
Primary dysmenorrhea usually manifests _________ in a woman’s menstrual history.
early
Primary dysmenorrhea is associated with __________ cycles.
ovulatory
____________ released during the early menstrual phase cause uterine contractions, leading to _________ which causes pain.
Prostaglandins; hypoxia
Dysmenorrhea:
ONSET: usually _______ __________ or at the same time as ___________ _____________.
LOCATION: Usually _____________ _________ and ______ _________, may radiate to __________ ______
MAY ALSO AFFECT: _____ system, causing _______ , ___________, and _________
right before or at the same time as menstrual bleeding;
Usually suprapubic area and lower back, may radiate to inner thighs ;
GI system, Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
What dx testing is done for dysmenorrhea?
None
Treatment for dysmennorhea?
NSAIDS, combined hormonal contraceptives
PMS/PMDD begins at or soon after ________.
ovulation
PMS/PMDD is worst during _____________ phase.
luteal
Lifestyle approaches for PMS/PMDD: ___________;
reduce ___________, __________, and _______
increase ___________ __________
Lifestyle approaches: exercise;
reduce caffeine, sodium, and alcohol;
increase complex CHO
Treatments for PMS/PMDD:
Supplements/herbs: __________, ___________, ________
○ Physical symptom treatment: ______, ___________
○ Mood symptom treatment: _____________
Supplements/herbs: calcium, magnesium, chasteberry
○ Physical symptom treatment: OCPs, NSAIDs
○ Mood symptom treatment: SSRIs
When using intermittent dosing with SSRI’s for PMS/PMDD you should choose those with a _________ half-life, such as __________ or __________.
long half-life;
Prozac or Zoloft
