Module 1-4 Flashcards
A valve in which the flow of liquid is
controlled by a rotating drilled ball that fits tightly against a resilient (flexible) seat in the valve body.
Ball valve
Any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch.
Battery of fixtures
The end portion of a pipe which for a short distance is enlarged to receive the end of another pipe which may be of the same diameter for the purpose of making a joint.
Bell or hub
A term that is synonymous with faucet, cock, plug, tap or spigot.
Bibb
Any part of the piping system other
the main, riser or stack.
Branch
A vertical length of soil or waste stack at least eight feet in height (a storey height), within which the horizontal branches from one storey or floor of the building or structure are connected to the stack.
Branch interval
That part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives the discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside a building and conveys it to the building sewerhouse sewer.
Building drain/ House drain
That part of the drainage system that extends from the end of the building drain and conveys its discharge to the public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage disposal system, or other appropriate point of disposal.
Building/ House sewer
The first section of water supply piping in a building after the
water meter.
Building Supply Pipe
Plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other material that are pounded into the annular space. Also, the material pounded into the annular space.
Caulking/ Calking/ Cogging
A fitting with a removable plate or plug that is placed in plumbing drainage pipe lines to allow access to the pipes for the purpose of cleaning and maintenance.
Cleanout
Part of the roofing and/or area gutter system that takes water from a roof above-surface area to a storm drain or other disposal area or system.
Conductor/ leader
Any physical connection or arrangement of pipes between two otherwise separate building water supply pipes or system tlnough which or by means of which
water supply may flow from one system to the other, the direction of flow depends on the pressure difference between the two systems
Cross connection
The extended portion of a pipe that is closed one end to which no connections are made on the extended portion, thus permitting stagnation of wastewater or air therein.
Deadend
The vertical portion of a rainwater conductor.
Downspout
A pipe which carries ground and surface water, stormwater or wastewater into the building drainage system.
Drain
The abbreviation for drainage, waste and vent.
DWV
A valve on a water pipe by means of which water can be drawn from or held within the pipe. The valve is placed on the end of the pipe.
Faucet
The level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow the top or rim of the fixture.
Flood level
The volume of water used by a plumbing fixture in a given amount of tune. Usually expressed in gallons per minute (gpm)
Flow rate
The volume of water used by a plumbing fixture in a gi,·en amount of tune. Usually expressed in gallons per minute (gpm)
Flow rate
A device located at the bottom of a flush tank for flushing water closets and similar fixtures
Flush valve
A device which discharges a predetermined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes and is actuated by direct water pressure.
Flushometer valve
A device which discharges a predetermined quantity of
water to fixtures for flushing purposes and is actuated by
direct water pressure.
Flushometer valve
A bathroom containing a water closet, a lavatory and a bathtub.
Full bath
A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk, fitting against machine-smoothed surfaces at right angles to the direction of flow. The disk is raised or lowered by means of a threaded stem connected to the handle of the valve. The opening in the valve is usually as large as the full bore of the pipe.
Gate valve
A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk that fits against the valve seat. The plane of movement of the disk is parallel to the normal direction of flow of water, which is turned through a tortuous passage to direct the flow normal to the face of
the disk.
Globe Valve
A bathroom containing a water closet and a lavatory.
Half bath
A bathroom containing a water closet and a lavatory.
Half bath
A faucet to which a hose may be attached.
Hose bibb
A waste pipe that does not connect directly with the drainage system but conveys wastes by discharging into a plumbing fixture or receptacle, which is directly connected to the drainage system through an air break or gap into a trap, fixture receptor or interceptor, e.g. refrigerator waste pipe, drinking fountain waste pipe, etc.
Indirect waste pipe
A condition contrary to sanitary principles or injurious to
health.
Insanitary
A fixture designed for washing of the hands and face.
Lavatory/ wash basin
The principal pipe to which the branches may be connected.
Main
A vertical vent pipe installed primarily for the purpose of providing circulation of air to or from any part of the building drainage system.
Main vent/ Vent stack
An opening constructed in any part
of plumbing system of sufficient
size for a person to gain access
thereto.
Manhole
The art and science of installing in buildings the pipes, fixtures and other apparatus for bringing in water supply and removing water and waterborne wastes.
Plumbing
A receptacle attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water or wastes, may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.
Plumbing Fixture
All water supply, drainage, and venting systems and all fixtures and their traps complete with their connections.
Plumbing system
Water that meets the standards of a government agency and is used for culinary, domestic and drinking purposes.
Potable water
An outhouse or structure used for the deposition of excrement
Privy
A P-shaped trap commonly used on most plumbing fixtures except for fixture having integral trap.
P trap/ 1/2 S trap/ Gooseneck
A common sewer directly controlled by public authority to which all abutters have equal rights of connections.
Public sewer
A water supply pipe that extends vertically one full storey or more to convey water to fixture branches or group of fixtures.
Riser
The installation of parts of the plumbing system which can be completed prior to installation of fixtures or finishing. This includes drainage, water supply and vent
piping and necessary fixture supports.
Roughin-in
Pipes installed to remove wastewater and waterborne wastes from plumbing fixtures and convey these to the sanitary sewer and other points of disposal.
Sanitary Drainage Pipes
A loosely lined excavation in the ground, which receives the discharge of a septic tank and designed to permit the effluent from the septic tank to seep through the bottom and sides of the pit.
Seepage pit/ Cesspool/ Dry well
A loosely lined excavation in the ground, which receives the discharge of a septic tank and designed to permit the effluent from the septic tank to seep through the bottom and sides of the pit
Seepage pit/ Cesspool/ Dry well
A watertight receptacle which the discharge of sanitary plumbing system or part thereof, designed and constructed to retain solids, digest organic matter through a period of detention and to allow the liquids to discharge into the soil outside of the tank through a system of open jointed sub-surface piping or a seepage pit.
Septic tank
Any wastewater containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution and may include liquids containing chemicals in solution.
Sewage
Any wastewater containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution and may include liquids containing chemicals in solution.
Sewage
A pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and wastewater.
Sewer
A suction created by the flow of liquids in pipes; pressure less than the atmospheric pressure.
Siphonage
A pipe that conveys the discharge of water closets or similar fixtures containing fecal matter, with or without the discharge of other fixtures to the building drain or building sewer.
Soil pipe
A vertical pipe which conveys
the discharge of water closet,
urinal or fixtures having similar
function, with or without the discharges from other fixtures to the building drain or building sewer.
Soil stack
The end of a pipe which fits into a bell; also a word used synonymously with faucet.
Spigot
A general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste or vent piping.
Stack
A tank or pit below the normal grade of gravity receiving liquid wastes or sewage from which the waste.s or
sewage must be mechanically pumped to a higher receiving point.
Sump
A tank or pit below the normal grade of gravity receiving liquid wastes or sewage from which the wastes or
sewage must be mechanically pumped to a higher receiving point.
Sump
A system of pipes, fittings, and other devices installed for the purpose of providing air circulation and creating balanced atmospheric condition within the system, thereby preventing siphonage and backpressure.
Ventilation system
A pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.
Vent pipe
A pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.
Vent pipe
The vertical vent pipe installed primarily for providing circulation of air to and from any part of the soil, waste of the drainage system.
Vent stack/ Main Vent
A pipe that conveys only liquid waste free of fecal matter. A waste pipe may be connected directly or indirectly depending on the type of fixture.
Waste pipe
A pipe which conveys potable water from the building supply pipe to the plumbing flxtures and other outlets.
Water distributing pipe
A portion of water supply pipe from the water main or other source of water before the water meter.
Water service pipe
A portion of water supply pipe from the water main or other source of water before the water meter.
Water service pipe
A pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack below the floor and below the horizontal connection to an adjacent vent stack at a point above the floor and higher than the highest spill level of fixtures for preventing pressure changes in the stack.
Yoke vent
Water has the ability to absorb heat without becoming much warmer itself. It has greater heat capacity than any other substance except anuuonia.
Heat capacity
Water has the ability to absorb heat without becoming much warmer itself. It has greater extent for this ability than any other substance except ammonia.
Heat capacity
The ability of liquids to stick to itself and pull itself together. Water possesses an extremely high amount of this ability, as molecules cling together so tightly that it can support objects heavier than itself.
Surface tension
Water possesses the ability to dissolve almost any substance, thus it is considered a universal solvent.
Dissolving ability
Readily found in nature, as impounded from precipitation. Often contains impurities (physical, chemical, bacteriological, or radiological).
Natural water
Readily found in nature, as impounded from precipitation. Often contains impurities (physical, chemical, bacteriological, or radiological).
Natural water
Water that has undergone treatment ( either physical, biological, or chemical) to improve water quality.
Its process is an artificial means of obtaining chemically pure water.
Purified water
Water with any substance or material that affects the quality of water and in turn affects the health of an individual.
Contaminated water
Water with the presence of any foreign substance (organic, inorganic, radiological biological) which tends to degrade the overall quality so as to impair the potability of the water, and constitute a hazard to health.
Polluted water
Water with presence of elements such as Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), and Aluminum (al) which causes hardness. This is characterized by the difficulty of producing lather from detergents and the presence of scale deposits in pipes and heaters/boilers.
Hard water
Water without the presence of elements such as calcium and magnesium. This is characterized by the ease in producing lather from detergents and the absence of scale formation in boilers, heaters, and
pipes.
Soft water
Water from laundries, washbasins, sinks, showers, and bathtubs.
Grey water
Water plus human waste flushed out of toilets and urinals.
Black water
Water plus human waste flushed out of toilets and urinals.
Black water
Rain and surface runoff
Storm water
caused by the presence of
suspended materials (such as clay, silt, other forms of inorganic material plankton, or other
finely divided organic materials).
Turbidity
Temperature: In general, water supplied between _________ is preferable.
50° - 60° F (10- 16°C)
Temperature: In general, water supplied between _________ is preferable.
50° - 60° F (10- 16°C)
Usually caused by detergent concentration. While the foam itself does not pose a serious health threat, it may indicate the presence of other pollutants associated with waste in the water.
Foamability
Caused by carbonate, bicarbonate, or hydroxide components. Testing for these components of water alkalinity is key to deciding which forms of water treatment to use.
Alkalinity
inhibits the cleaning action of soaps and detergents and deposits scales on the insides of hot water pipes and cooking utensils, thus wasting fuel and rendering utensils unusable. This is caused by calcium and magnesium salts and can be classified as either temporary (carbonate) or permanent (bicarbonate)
Hard water
Enumerate toxic substances in water
(As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cyanides (CN), fluoride (F), le.ad (Pb), selenium (Se), and silver (Ag).
It can enter water as it passes
through geological deposits formed by marine sediment, or as a result of contamination from pollution from sea water, brine, or industrial wastes.
Chlorides
Copper can enter water through natural deposits, or copper pipit1g that contains corrosive water
Copper
Frequently present in groundwater.
Iron
At high levels of concentration, it poses a threat to infants, as one of the causes of blue baby syndrome (methemoglobinenia), wherein the amount of oxygen in the blood is severely limited.
Nitrates
In shallow wells, nitrate concentrations can indicate seepage from deposits of ________.
Livestock manure
Possess laxative effects. Sulfates can enter groundwater through natural deposits of salts.
Sulfates
Sometimes enters groundwater in areas where it is in abundance. While not a major health threat, at concentrations above 5 mg/1, it can induce an undesirable taste.
Zinc
It can be a mixture of surface run-off and groundwater. Sources include rivers, lakes, ponds, and itnpounding reservoirs.
Surface water
It can be a mixture of surface run-off and groundwater. Sources include rivers, lakes, ponds, and itnpounding reservoirs.
Surface water
The portion of rainwater that has percolated into the earth and formed underground deposits called aquifers (water-bearit1g soil-formations). As a source
of water, groundwater can by extracted in many different ways.
Groundwater
These are holes in the earth from which a fluid may be withdrawn using manual or mechanical means, such as a draw bucket, a pump, etc.
Wells
Water that flows into wells is called _____.
Groundwater
Ground water reservoirs
Aquifers
Ground water reservoirs
Aquifers
The level at which water stands in a well that is not being pumped
Water table
These can be constructed with hand tools or power tools, and can be dug to a depth of about 15 meters (50 feet) and can have the greatest diameter that a space may allow.
Dug wells
These are the simplest and usually
the least expensive. A steel drive-well point is fitted on one
end of the pipe section and driven
into the earth. The. drive point is usually 1 ¼ in. to 2 inches
(32 - 51 mm) in diameter. The point
may be driven into the ground to a depth of up to 15 meters (50 feet).
Driven wells
Dug with earth augers, are usually
less than 30 meters (100 feet) deep.
These are used when the earth to
be bored is free of boulders and will not cave in. The diameter ranges
from 2 to 30 inches. The well is
lined with either metal, vitrified tile, or concrete
Bored wells
These wells require more elaborate types of equipment, depending on the
geology of the site. As such, these can measure up to 300 meters (984 feet).
Drilled wells
It involves the raising and dropping of a heavy drill bit and stein. Having thus pulverized, the earth being drilled is mixed with water to form a slurry which is periodically removed. As drilling proceeds, a casing is also lowered (except when drilling through rock).
The Percussion ( or Cable Tool) method
It utilizes a cutting bit at the lower end of the drill pipe; a drilling fluid ( or pressurized air) is constantly pumped to the cutting bit to aid in the removal of particles of earth, which are then brought to the surface. After the drill pipe is
withdrawn, a casing is lowered into position.
Rotary Drilling (Either Hydraulic or
Pneumatic)
It combines the percussion effect with the rotary drill bit.
down-the-hole pneumatic (air) hammer
This process can be employed to remove some suspended matter from water by allowing time and
inactivity of water to do the work of sorting out heavier suspended particles. Heavy suspended
materials settle at the bottom of vessels thereby rendering water clear or non-turbid.
Sedimentation
In this process a chemical namely aium (hydrated aluminum sulfate) is added to turbulent water. This
process removes suspended matter, along with some coloration
Coagulation
In aeration, the surface of the water is exposed to air as much as possible. This process can irnprove
the taste and color of water, remove iron and manganese, and decrease its corrosiveness. The possibilities for aeration are varied in its aesthetic applications such as spraying water into air, water
cascading into a spillway, flowforms or sculptural waterfalls designed to carry water in a rhythmic, pulsating pattern.
Aeration (Oxidation)
a powerful oxidizing and disinfecting method used to destroy bacteria, viruses and other
pathogenic organisms. This is done by passing dry air ( or pure oxygen) through a system of high voltage electrodes to produce ozone where 80% of the energy is converted into heat.
Ozonation
This common means of water treatment can remove some suspended particles, some bacteria, and some color. The following are some variations of filtration using different agents, forms and specific applications.
Filtration
It is a low maintenance method that is generally used in rainwater application. Devices used in this method should be cleaned as often as possible depending on the degree of turbidity of water. It can be cleaned by the removal of filters, which are either washed for reuse or may be discarded.
Slow sand filtration
It uses pressure to force water out of a containment
vessel such as tank. Sand is used as a filtering agent. Periodic cleaning is required as dirt accumulates over time and with the constant passage of turbid water. It may require the removal of sand filter or backwashing as a method of cleaning filters. This system of water filtration is commonly used in swimming pool application
Pressure Sand Filtration
It uses diatomite, a naturally
occurring siliceous sedimentary rock that easily crumbles into fine powder that is used as a filter
agent. This agent filters out particles of bigger size than the filter itself thus retaining suspended particles in a tank or containment vessel. The resulting product is a clean and dirt-free water.
Diatomaceous Earth Filtration
This kind of filter consists of a permeable porcelain unglazed tube called bisque that contains a
ring of enameled porcelain through
which water flows and filtered in the process. This is usually produced in small sizes for ready attachment to water faucets.
Porous Stone, Ceramic or Unglazed
Porcelain Filters (Pasteur Filters)
This method of filtration is a combined process used in removing iron and/or 1nanganese from
water. In this process chlorine chemically oxidizes iron or manganese which creates
precipitates. It kills iron bacteria which can form a slimy mass.
Fine Filtration by Chlorination
It uses granulated carbon which attracts large quantities of dissolved gases, soluble organics, and fine solids. Activated carbon works through a process known as adsorption whereby contarninant molecules are trapped inside the pore structure of the carbon. This is particularly effective in removing undesirable taste and odor in water, commonly used in domestic water purification.
Activated carbon filters
A widely used method in removing many types of dissolved or suspended chemical as well as
biological contaminants. Reverse Osmosis (RO) is also used in desalting seawater by reducing the mineral content in water. However, dissolved chemicals remain.
Reverse Osmosis
