MODULE 1 Flashcards
the child’s weight is compared to that of a normal child of the same age. useful for population screening and public health evaluations.
Gomez classification
Chronic malnutrition results in stunting. percent weight for height; percent height for age.
waterlow classification.
when do you measure head circumference of the child?
first 3 years of life
Average HC of term infant at birth
34 – 35 cm
HC 6 months
44 cm
HC 12 months
47 cm
Membranous tissue spaces that separate the bones of
the skull from one another
Sutures
Areas where the major sutures intersect in the anterior
and posterior portions of the skull
Fontanelles
anterior fontanelles close by
7-19mos.
Posterior fontanels close by
2 months
do acoustic screen by
4 years
how do you examine ear canal
pull the auricle up, back and
slightly out.
rare autosomal dominant congenital disorder characterized by craniofacial deformities such as > absent cheekbones micrognathia (a small lower jaw), -conductive hearing loss -underdeveloped zygom -drooping part of the lateral lower eyelids -malformed or absent ears.
Treacher collin syndrome
-abranchial arch syndrome
-affects the first branchial (or pharyngeal)
arch, which is the precursor of the maxilla
and mandible
Crouzon syndrome
-small mandible (micrognathia)
-posterior displacement or retraction of the tongue
(glossoptosis)
-upper airway obstruction
-Incomplete closure of the roof of the mouth (cleft
palate) is present and is commonly U-shaped.
PIERRE ROBIN SEQUENCE
Caused by the deficient enzyme N acetylgalactosamine 4-
sulfatase,
prominent forehead;prominent eyes; broad nose and low nasal
bridge;thick lips;enlarged tongue; hyperplastic gums and small, widely spaced
teeth
Morateaux-Lamy (mucopolysaccharidosis
Diffuse edematous swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp that may extend across
suture lines. Secondary to pressure of the uterus on areas of the fetal head.Note the
pitting edema of the caput
INFANT – CAPUT SUCCEDANEUM
Subperiosteal hemorrhage that never extends across the suture line. Secondary to
traumatic delivery or forceps delivery. Most resolve in 6 wks.
CEPHALHEMATOMA
temporary asymmetry of the skull resulting from the birth process. On
palpation: overriding of sutures. Most often seen with prolonged labor and vaginal
deliveries. The normal shape is regained in 1 week;
SKULL ASYMMETRY – MOLDING
abnormally large head size >97th percentile or 2 std deviations above
the mean due to hydrocephalus, subdural hematoma
macrocephaly
a frequent finding in normal newborns. It results from
the breakage of small vessels during the pressure of delivery. The red area may be
large or small but is always confined to the limits of the sclera
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Salt and pepper speckling of the iris: Down Syndrome
Brushfield’s spots
slightly puffy lower eyelids and extra skin folds beneath the
eyes
Dennie’s lines
This pinna deformity, where the superior edge of the helix is folded down
Lop ear
This infant had trisomy 18 as an underlying etiology.
Low-set ear
failure of the feeding tube to pass through the nostril into the posterior pharynx
Choanal atresia
associated with congenital hypothyroidism
Macroglossia
The small white papules seen in the midline of the palate of this infant
Epstein’s pearl.
Many babies with this condition can breastfeed without difficulty, but in some cases, a tight frenulum makes latching on difficult. In those cases, frenotomy may be indicated
Tongue-tie
1- to 2-cmfirm mass in sternocleidomastoid muscle is noted in neonatal period.Indicative of fibrosis of muscle, which occurred in utero.
Congenital muscular torticollis
28th week of gestation through 7th day
o Fetal period then birth until the first week of life
perinatal
