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Programming, planning and practice > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 phases performed during programming?

A 
1 gathering data 
2 establishing goals
3 mapping functions: functional and spatial requirements
4 setting priorities 
5 researching requirements
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2
Q

Why should an architect perform a functional analysis

A

Because it helps to select the appropriate hierarchy of spaces for the project

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3
Q

True or false: programming and architectural design are completely independent of one another

A

True. During programming, the problems of the project are sought out and documented

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4
Q

What are the 3 graphic tools that can an architect use to perform a functional Analysis of the client needs?

A

Bubble diagram
Space matrix
Blocking and stacking diagram

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5
Q

What are four items that should be consider during programming?

A

Building function
Building form
Project budget
Project schedule

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6
Q

Describe the programming progress?

A

Discuss the goals w owner. Organize all project specific info. Determine building hierarchy of spaces. Determine priorities. Develop problem that must be solved during design.

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7
Q

If done correctly programming should

A

1 clarify the owner intentions
2 set a mutually agreed upon direction for design
3 reduce change orders during construction
4 minimize disputes between owner and architect

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8
Q

Why is a good idea to allow for 10-20% additional space within a programming layout?

A

Will allow the architect to design a building that is flexible and allows for future expansion

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9
Q

Arrange the following in order from the largest to smallest: total building group, space unit, activity center, component building.

A

1 total building group
2component building
3 Activity Center
4 space unit

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10
Q

Define and efficiency ratio

A

And efficiency rate you is a Rager of the net versus gross areas within a building. Many buildings tend to fall in the 60 to 80% efficiency range

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11
Q

How would you estimate the space needs required for a particular building using the index method to type?

A

The area office space is determined based on the amount of the Occupants required to use the space. Each occupant it’s given it an area requirement in the numbers is multiplied by the number of Occupants

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12
Q

With regards to the project project, how are quantity and quality related?

A

Quality and quantity are related in that a change in one will ultimately result in a change in other. Sometimes these changes may be negative, such as if an owner decides to increase the quantity of an item in the building and thus will have to reduce the quality in order to keep the budget the same

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13
Q

What a three conditions are out of the architects control when it comes to cost estimates?

A

Goods and services cost fluctuations. Construction means and methods. Unknown site conditions.

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14
Q

What is the project development budget?

A

The budget for the entire project, including but not limited to site acquisitions, construction cost, professional services fees, permit and inspection cost, financing costs and contingencies

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15
Q

Name seven steps in the project development budget

A

Site acquisition and purchase. Construction: off – site and on – site. Professional services. Miscellaneous fees. Inspection and testing. Contingencies. Financing costs

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16
Q

For the programming face what are three ways cost estimates can be performed

A

Based on a unit cost system, such as Cosper hospital bed, Cosper theater seat. He store call data base and similar type of project previously completed. Cost per square foot

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17
Q

What cost estimating method is used doing the S schematic design phase

A

Preliminary, but still rough, estimates are based pricing on the major elements, such as structural system selected, and then mechanical electrical and plumbing systems used.

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18
Q

What cost estimating method is used her in the design development phase

A

Detailed pricing based on the actual components being considered, including windows, Curtain walls, finishes and equipment.

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19
Q

What causes the meeting Matt that is used during the construction documents face

A

A complete and final pricing on the of the project fully and complete it, based on direct quotes from supplier, installers, subcontractors and manufacturers. This pricing is final check before construction begins, and allows for relation to the design is needed to meet the budget.

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20
Q

What factors can have an effect on cost estimates?

A

Availability of labor and materials, labor rates, material prices, resources to produce the material, conveniens of transportation, location, less predictable cost in rural areas.

High interest rates equals less housing construction equals lower material prices. Increased cost of living equals increase union wages in higher labor costs.

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21
Q

What is the typical profit margin factor to the construction cost estimate?

A

15 to 20% for smaller projects
10 to 15% for large
5 to 10% for very large

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22
Q

What are the typical fees of MEP consultants?

A

Mechanical equals 15%. Electrical equals 12.5%. Civil is 10.5%. Structuralist 9.4%

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23
Q

Which method of compensation for architectural services reduces the risk to an architect

A

Direct personal expense. Instead of a multiple of employee salaries, the client is Bill for the salaries of staff working on the job, plus the cost of the benefits, and a set amount for overhead and profit. Since this is the exact cause of their employee for the architect, this approach is best for new clients

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24
Q

Describe our utilization

A

A utilization rate you is the percentage of employees billable hours divided by the total hours worked

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25
Q

Define a plane preliminary survey

A

Is the basic plan showing the boundaries, orientation and maybe some major features. This is used to prepare initial design plans.

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26
Q

What is the construction survey

A

Constructions to her but is a highly detailed plan showing the exact conditions of the site, details, existing structures, topography, upsets and benchmarks.

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27
Q

What is path possessions survey and why’s that used

A

Often call as Builts reflect a project as it actually exists, reflecting all changes that may have a cord during construction from the construction documents. These are vital for any future projects and for reference in general

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28
Q

Name two types of surveys there are considered plane surveys

A

Land survey. Topographic survey

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29
Q

In relation to service, what are parallels and meridians?

A

Parallels our lines that run east west. Parlow to the earth latitude lines. Maryanns our lines to run north-south, parallel to the earth longitudinal lines

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30
Q

Name five typical elements that would appear on a topographic survey

A

Contour intervals. Crown and riches, Swales and valleys, hills, depressions

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31
Q

What is the difference between a retention pond and at detention pond

A

Retention ponds are designed to keep water in definitely. Detention ponds allow water to seep into the ground

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32
Q

What are riparian rights

A

A system of rights and duties that determined that reasonable use, duties, and I locations of water two owners off waterfront property

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33
Q

Describe albedo and conductivity in relation to site elements

A

Albita is the radiant energy that is reflected by a surface where sero-is a flat black surface that absorbs heat and one is a mirror.
Conductivity is the rate at which he passes through a material

34
Q

Which soil type he’s considered the best to build on

A

That rock and gravel. Gravel drains well able to bear loads. Sand drains well good foundation one grade it.

35
Q

Name the four levels of soil

A

Topsoil. Mineral. Weather in fracture rock. Solid bedrock

36
Q

How could a deed restriction impacted the sign for a site?

A

Deed restrictions are limitations on the use of the property, typically by their original developers, the sets what the land may be used for and cannot be changed by future on owners

37
Q

What kind of consideration should be giving to easements located on a site?

A

Easements are they legal right to use a portion of the site without ownership. Easement are legally binding and attached to the deed

38
Q

Define eminent domain

A

Grants the government the power to seize private property for public use. These can be done without the owner’s consent. So long as fair payment is giving to the owner. They’re real thing to remember here is that the land can be taken only if it’s for the good of the public.

39
Q

How does a deed restriction the fair from my restrictive covenant

A

Did restrictions are limitation on the use of the property typically by the original developers that sets what that land may be used for and cannot be changed by future owners.

Restrictive covenant’s are limitations and stipulations in residential developments on what’s allowed on the exterior of the houses. The confidence might include aesthetics limitations pets in cleanup or storage related

40
Q

Why should existing utilities be located on a site during programming?

A

Adding, extending, Or Altering utilities can add to greatly to the cost of a project so it’s important to know the existing utilities available at the site.

41
Q

In general why are rules sites more expensive to develop then or urban or suburban sites?

A

Brutal sides of them have limited, Outdated or not utilities. Adding, extending or altering utilities can add a greatly to the cost of the project.

42
Q

Name 4 parts of the program document

A

Programming statement it’s a detailed description of the functional requirements, expressed in a narrative form.
Relationship and flow diagrams are preliminary diagrams and sketches showing relationships and flow between spaces
Functional programming it’s raw that data on number of users, times of use, operational needs in more for analysis and development of the facilities program
Facilities program is a list of the scope, area requirements, adjacencies, cost and site analysis

43
Q

How could the building the sign be impacted if I high water table is this cover on this site?

A

Groundwater within 6 feet of line surfaced may cause an issue with the foundation. Solutions Can include pump water out of excavation, waterproof the basement walls, design the a basement walls to resist hydrostatic pressure, install along the foundation

44
Q

Why does can see there are the most economical foundation type

A

Spread footing

45
Q

What is the definition of architectural programming

A

Refers to an important early part of the design process, where you identify and organize the architectural, functional, aesthetic, operational needs of your client.

46
Q

Why condition would exist if A mat or Pile foundation were chosen for a building?

A

Expansive or poor soil conditions. Both Mat and piled foundations are expensive and only utilized where the building sits on Soft soil that is easily compressed or very expansive.

47
Q

What is a typical slope for a sidewalk?

A

Atypical slope for a sidewalk is 4 to 10%

48
Q

Define adaptive reuse

A

Adoptive Reuse describes the process of adopting on building seem to new purposes. Adaptive reviews converts the building into a new use while retaining the historical character

49
Q

When will the term mothballing be used

A

Mothballing is historic preservation term where certain areas of the building or CIty block our clothes stop so they can be repaired or restored at a later date

50
Q

Name the four methods available for his stork preservation

A

Preservation reconstruction restoration rehabilitation

51
Q

What are some primary reasons it is important to select FFE during programming

A

Ensuring functional relationships. ensure equipment can be installed in the location provided. Impact on budget and schedule

52
Q

How can different building materials impact preservation efforts?

A

If A particular material is no longer available. It may need to be re-created, replicate it or replaced with something similar to match the character of the building

53
Q

What processes, in order, does he Historical preservation typically follows?

A

Stabilize, protect, repair, replacement

54
Q

Name two accessible features that must be address when rehabilitating a historic building

A

Main entrance. Restrooms

55
Q

Which preservation method is often the most expensive approach

A

Reconstruction is the most expensive because you would need to completely rebuild the building from the ground up and make it match the original in its entirety

56
Q

What massing diagram options can be used during programming, in what order?

A

Matrix chart. Bubble diagram. Blocking and stacking

57
Q

What is a baseline?

A

At baseline is a parallel line used as the basis for the East – West lay out of that US survey system

58
Q

What considerations should an architect give a program for project there will be separated into several faces?

A

Programming may uncover clear opportunities to construct a building in faces. The budget or schedule may require the building be built in phases. Finding clear and logical portions to build in with phases is an important skill in the design process

59
Q

How can a project budget Be affected by for furniture, furnishings, in a equipment FFE?

A

FFE budget is usually around three or four times the interior design fees, though it could be twice these amount or more

60
Q

For I shorten project schedule what are some particularly important considerations during programming for FF

A

Throughout research of FFE needs of the project and client. Lead times and budget assessment. Overall character style to ensure that the FFE products will fit within the greater project in a unified manner

61
Q

What shoot an architect can see there when helping an owner select FFe?

A

Budget, schedule, spatial requirements, and fact of building codes, MEP – structural requirements.

62
Q

Which method off historic preservation is the most Historically accurate?

A

Order of accuracy is preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, reconstruction

63
Q

What program format is each of the following a good example of (in order) City Hall, conference room, Civic Center, Department of planning?

A

Component building
Space unit
total building group
activity center

64
Q

Cost estimating with parameter cost can be adapted to a city by using….. or adding any inflation factor

A

EN R 20 cities building cost index

65
Q

What is pro forma, who does it, enduring what face of the project is it typically Don?

A

A pro forma is a financial analysis of the building project showing costs and return on the investment. This is typically done by the client at the beginning of the project to the Termine if the project will be profitable

66
Q

Multiple of direct salary expense, direct personal expense, and hourly billing rate are all examples of what type of billing method?

A

These are all the time-based methods of billing

67
Q

What level of survey could be produced by sending an office employee to serve at this site conditions for a new project?

A

For luminaries survey. Such as serve it would not include topography, offsets or benchmarks

68
Q

On a survey, ever reference to the distance above sea level ordered some other establish reference point is call A

A

Datum

69
Q

Topographic clients that appear as Vs pointing east would indicate

A

A gulch, Creek, Reaver, or indentation in a slope in which water would run downhill from east to west

70
Q

In land division terms a check refers to what?

A

A check refers to each 24 mi.² create it by the meridians and Parallels and divided into 16 townships

71
Q

What does sheet flow refer to

A

Sheet flow refers to water that flows across paved surfaces

72
Q

Residential, commercial, industrial and open/conservation are four basic categories of flan used. Name for other categories

A

Institutional, agricultural, government, and natural resources

73
Q

Soil types are classified based on

A

The sizes of the particles of the soil

74
Q

Can soil bearing capacity be increased? If so how?

A

So I was can increase bearing capacity by feel, compaction, or sur charging

75
Q

what Is party wall agreement

A

Party wall agreement is an agreement on how to carry out construction work on a wall share between two properties

76
Q

If utilities cannot be provided to our site can it still be developed? If so, how,

A

yes. Electricity can be provided by on-site energy sources, gas can be deliver and store, as septic system can be installed, and I well could be built. It will generally add to the cost of the development because expanding or bringing in utilities from long distances is expensive

77
Q

Sewage drain lines must have a least a…. percent slope with that velocity off at least…. feet per second

A

2% slope and 2 – 10 ft./s

Drain lines my have up to 2% slope, we got velocity of two – 10 ft./s

78
Q

A feasibility study is likely to include at least

A

Site considerations, location considerations, and identifying potential line issues, codes/ordinance

79
Q

According to the B202, name at least five items that make up the final program document according to article 2.7.4

A

Executive summary. Documentation of the methodology used to develop the program. Value and goal statements. Relevant facts up on which the program is based. Conclusions derive from data analysis. Relationship diagrams. Flow diagrams. Matrices identifying space Allocations and relationships…

80
Q

What is a general obligation bonds

A

A municipal monde that is used when as state or local government want to raise money for a project. Shareholders I warrantee to be repaid using future tax revenues

81
Q

What is a revenue bond

A

A type of municipal bond, but rather than being repaid by taxes, they shareholders are promised payment from that revenue collection of the project. Examples such as the tolls from a new bridge

Programming, planning and practice (5 decks)

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