Module 1 Flashcards
What does the Greek letter Sigma represent?
Standard Deviation
How is Six Sigma best defined?
A systematic data-driven approach that seeks to find an eliminate causes of mistakes or defects in business processes by focusing on outputs that are critical importance to customers.
What 2 things does Six Sigma encompass?
1) Business Strategy based on a philosophy of operational excellence
2) Tools and tactics for process measurement and management
Who extolled the benefits of doing things right the first time?
Phillip B. Crosby
What are the 4 cardinal rules of quality management?
1) performance standard should be set as zero defects
2) quality is the same thing as conformance to requirements
3) quality is achieved by preventing defects
4) the measure of quality’s value is the cost of nonconformance
Who was the first president of the American Society for Quality?
George D. Edwards
What was W. Edwards Deming known for?
1) One of the fathers of quality control.
2) Key insight was the use of statistics for quality control.
3) Another insight was the difference between common- and special-cause variation.
4) Best known for defining the “seven deadly diseases of the workplace” and “14 points for management”
What’s an example of common-cause variation?
Various quality of parts you receive from a supplier - maybe some are good, ok, and bad.
Variations between one shift to another shift - products produced are really good during one shift and not the next
What’s an example of special-cause variation?
The flu epidemic or power bump causes decrease in production.
What are the 7 deadly diseases of the workplace?
1) Lack of consistency in planning
2) Emphasis on short-term profits (loss of life - Ford motor company and defective gas tanks)
3) Poor performance evaluation systems
4) Excessive turnover among employees
5) Over reliance on the metrics that are the easiest to obtain
6) Excessive medical costs
7) Excessive liability costs
What are Deming’s 14 points for management?
1) Maintain consistent purposes, 2) Adapt a new philosophy, 3) Eliminate dependence on inspection, 4) Cease to award a business based on price alone, 5) Constant quality improvement, 6) Provide on-the-job training for employees, 7) Eliminate fear, 8) Reduce interdepartmental barriers, 9) Reduce pressure on the workforce and eliminate quotas, 10) Eliminate ineffective management styles, 11) Promote employee pride, 12) Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement
Who was the father of statical quality control?
Andrew Shewhart
Who was a promoter of TQM (total quality management) and known for his 9 M’s of quality?
Armand V. Feigenbaum
What are the 9 M’s of quality?
Markets, management, men, money, motivation, materials, machines, modern information sources, and mounting (constantly improving) product requirements.
Who was known for his three main components of quality management?
Joseph M. Juran
