Module 1-3 Flashcards
Name three chromophores
Quinoid, Azo, and Nitro groups
What is an amphoteric dye?
A dye that can be acidic or basic depending on the pH of the solution it is in
Natural stain that is used as a nuclear stain
Hematoxylin
Common basic auxochrome
Amino group
Acidic functional auxochromes
Hydroxyl, carboxyl, and sulphonic groups
What three components are need to make up a dye?
An origin (benzene ring), a chromophore and an auxochrome
What is the purpose of xylol in the first step of the hydrating process?
To get rid of wax
What is a dye combined with a mordant called?
A lake
What two processes must Hematoxylin go through in order to be a dye?
Oxidation and mordanting
4 main steps in the H&E stain
Nuclear stain, differentiate, blue and counterstain
What is hematoxylin oxidized to?
Hematin
How can hematoxylin be oxidized?
Either by atmospheric oxidation or by the use of chemical agents
What would nuclei look like if you over oxidized hematoxylin?
Reddish-brown/burgundy
2 main classifications of lakes
Ferric and aluminum
Which lake classification is unstable?
Ferric lakes