Module 1 - 2 Flashcards
Implies familiarity, awareness, and understanding of information as it applies to an environment.
Knowledge
A shared, integrated computer structure that houses a collection of related data.
Database
Two types of data within a database
The end-user (raw facts) and metadata
known as data about data
Metadata
A process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval.
Data Management
Data processing (DP) specialist created a computer-based system to track data and produce required reports.
Computerized file systems
Used to define and store data
Field
Access to a file is dependent on it’s own structure
Structural Dependence
file structure is changed without affecting the applications ability access to data
Structural Independence
Consist of logically related data stored in a single data repository
Data base system
Raw facts or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal its meaning to the end user
Data
The result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning.
Information
The collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.
Data base management system (DBMS)
A collection of related records
File
accomplished through file folders and filing cabinets
Manual File system
introduces the spreadsheet programs such as Microsoft excel
File system redux
has little meaning unless organized in some logical manner
Data
A character or group of characters (alphabetic or numeric) that has a specific meaning
Field
refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within the database environment
Database system environment
it refers to all systems physical devices
Hardware
The operating systems(OS) and DBMS software programs are types of what?
Software
This component includes all users of the database system
People
The instructions and rules that govern the design and use of the database system
Procedure
It covers the collection of facts stored in the database
Data
stores the definition of data elements and their relationship
Data dictionary management
Performance tuning ensure efficient performance
Data storage management
Data is formatted to conform to logical expectations
Data transformation and presentation
Enforces user security and data privacy
security management
First step in designing data base
Data modeling
The process of creating a specific data model for a determined problem domain
Data modeling
Category of relationship, link between entity types
Relationship Type
A data model that describes relationships (1:1, 1:M, and M:N) among entities at the conceptual level with the help of ER diagrams.
Entity relationship (ER) model (ERM)
A row in a rational table
entity instance (entity occurrence)
A collection of like entities
Entity Set
The type of relationship between entities classification include 1:1, 1:M, M:N
Connectivity
used and is considered to present a more detailed way of representing entities and relationships.
Chen notation
A representation of the entity relationship diagram (ERD) using a three pronged symbol to represent the “many” sides of the relationship
Crows foot notation
The set of symbols used to create class diagrams
Class diagrams notation
association among two or more entities that are used by data models. One entity instance is associated with many instances of the related entity
one-to-many relationship (1:M, 1..*)
Associations among two or more entities in which one occurrence of an entity is associated with many occurrences of a related entity and one occurrence of the related entity is associated with many occurrences of the first entity.
many to many relationship (M-N or ..)
A representation, usually graphic, of a complex “real-world” data structure.
Data Model
Are used in the database design phase of the Database Life Cycle.
Data Model
Importance of data models
- Facilitate interaction among the designer, the application programmer, and the end user.
- End-users have different views and needs for data.
- Data model organizes data for various users.
- Data model is an abstraction
A person, place, thing, concept, or event for which data can be collected and stored. (often corresponds to a table).
Entity
A characteristic of an entity, object, or relationship type.
Attribute
Equivalent of fields in file systems
Attribute
describes an association among entities. (corresponds to PK-FK equivalencies in related tables).
Relationship Instance
A diagram that depicts an entity relationship model’s entities, attributes, and relations.
Entity-relationship Diagram (ERD)
one entity instance is associated with only one instance of the related entity.
one-to-one relationship (1:1)
A restriction placed on the data. Expressed in the form of rules.
Constraints
A brief, precise, and unambiguous descriptions of policies, procedures, or principles within a specific organization.
Business Rules
Description of operations to create and enforce actions within an organization’s environment.
Business Rules
Describe characteristics of data as viewed by the company.
Business Rules
An early database model whose basic concepts and characteristics formed the basis for subsequent database development.
Hierarchical Model
This model is based on an upside-down tree structure in which each record is called a segment. The top record is the root segment. Each segment has a 1:M relationship to the segment directly below it.
Hierarchical Model
the equivalent of a file system’s record type
Segment
was created to represent complex data relationships more effectively than the hierarchical model, to improve database performance, and to impose a database standard.
Network model
conceptual organization of entire database as viewed by the DB Admin.
Schema
Portion of the database seen by the application programs.
Subschema
defines the environment in which data can be managed and is used to work with the data in the database.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
enables the administrator to define the schema components.
Data Definition Language (DDL)
Developed by E. F. Codd of IBM in 1970, this model is based on mathematical set theory and represents data as independent relations.
Relational Model
This is a model where each relation (table) is conceptually represented as a two dimensional structure of intersecting rows and columns. The relations are related to each other through the sharing of common entity characteristics (values in columns).
Relational Model
A logical construct perceived to be a two dimensional structure composed of intersecting rows (entities) and columns (attributes) that represents an entity set in the relational model.
Table (relation)
Also known as tuple in the relational model.
Table Row
