Module 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationship with each other

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Studies the function of the body and how the body parts work

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Requirements for Life (Survival Needs)

A
  1. Nutrients
  2. Oxygen
  3. Water
  4. Normal Body Temperature
  5. Atmospheric Pressure
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4
Q

Study of large body structure

A

Gross Anatomy

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5
Q

All structures in particular region

A

Regional Anatomy

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6
Q

Body structures examined system by system

A

Systemic Anatomy

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7
Q

Study of internal structures of the body and their relation to the skin surface

A

Surface Anatomy

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8
Q

Engages with small structures visible to the naked eyes

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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9
Q

Traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span

A

Developmental Anatomy

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10
Q

Studies all functions of the kidney

A

Renal Physiology

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11
Q

Study of heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular Physiology

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12
Q

Study of functions of the kidney

A

Neurophysiology

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13
Q

Metabolic pathways break down molecules for energy release or anabolic reactions.

A

Catabolism

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14
Q

Metabolic pathways constructing molecules from smaller units, requiring energy, also called endergonic process

A

Anabolism

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15
Q

Body’s capacity to uphold consistent internal conditions.

A

Homeostasis

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16
Q

The body’s incapacity to regain a stable and functional internal environment.

A

Homeostatic Imbalance

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17
Q

The process of breaking down or constructing larger molecules.

A

Metabolism

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18
Q

Basic unit of the body

A

Cell

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19
Q

Selective permeable barrier

A

Plasma Membrane

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20
Q

Interior of the cell with organelle-filled intercellular fluid.

A

Cytoplasm

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21
Q

Organelle that controls cellular activities

A

Nucleus

22
Q

Separates cytoplasm from external fluid, forming cell’s boundary.

A

Physical Barrier

23
Q

Controls what enters or exits the cell.

A

Selective Permeability

24
Q

Proteins on the plasma membrane relay messages from chemical messengers to the cell interior.

A

Communication

25
Q

Cell surface carbohydrates enable cell recognize each other

A

Cell Recognition

26
Q

Easily pass through lipid bilayer (usually small, nonpolar molecules).

A

Simple Diffusion

27
Q

Either by a) binding to carrier proteins or b) passing through water-filled channel proteins.

A

Facilitated Diffusion

28
Q

The process in which a solvent moves through a membrane.

A

Osmosis

29
Q

Provides structure and transports materials.

A

Proteins

30
Q

Fluid consisting of protein, water, electrolytes, and solutions.

A

Intracellular Fluid

31
Q

Fluid on the exterior part of the cell.

A

Extracellular Fluid

32
Q

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cell; internal water volume.

A

Tonicity

33
Q

Have equal concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes as the cells, maintain shape, and experience no net water loss or gain.

A

Isotonic

34
Q

Contain higher nonpenetrating solute levels than cells, resulting in water loss and cell shrinkage or crenation.

A

Hypertonic

35
Q

Less concentrated than cells, causing cells to plump or lyse.

A

Hypotonic

36
Q

Requires transport proteins that combines specifically and reversibly with the transported substances

A

Active Transport

37
Q

Signals from the nervous system

A

Neurotransmitters

38
Q

Signals from the endocrine system

A

Hormones

39
Q

Chemical that act locally and are rapidly destroyed

A

Paracrine

40
Q

A thick, semi-transparent fluid in which other elements of the cytoplasm are suspended.

A

Cytosol

41
Q

Cell’s metabolic machinery for protein synthesis and generate ATP

A

Organelles

42
Q

Various chemical substances including stored nutrients, lipids, and pigments.

A

Inclusions

43
Q

Powerplant of the cell, responsible for ATP supply

A

Mitochondria

44
Q

Where protein synthesis takes place

A

Ribosomes

45
Q

Extensive system of interconnected tubes and parallel sacs

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

46
Q

Stacked, flattened sacs modify and package proteins and lipids, along with small associated vesicles.

A

Golgi Apparatus

47
Q

Enzyme-filled spherical sacs abundant in kidneys and livers.

A

Peroxisomes

48
Q

Rounded membrane-bound organelles holding active hydrolytic enzymes.

A

Lysosomes

49
Q

Complex system of rods in the cytosol, linked by many accessory proteins to other cell structures.

A

Cytoskeleton

50
Q

Motile cellular extensions, found on cell surfaces, propel substances in a single direction.

A

Cilia

51
Q

Longer centriole-formed extensions, only found in sperm as a single propulsive flagellum moving the cell.

A

Flagella

52
Q

Small finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane, typically found in absorptive cells of the intestine and kidney, increasing cell surface area.

A

Microvili