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Anatomy and Physiology > Module 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Module 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationship to each other

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

A

Gross Anatomy

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3
Q

Studies the function of the body

A

Physiology

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4
Q

Body system that forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury.

A

Integumentary System

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5
Q

The set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units

A

Catabolism

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6
Q

The set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units

A

Anabolism

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7
Q

Dynamic state of equilibrium or balance in which internal conditions vary but always within relatively narrow limits

A

Homeostasis

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8
Q

Produces change in variable

A

Stimulus

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9
Q

Detects change

A

Receptors

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10
Q

Information sent along afferent pathway to control center

A

Input

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11
Q

Information sent along efferent pathway to effector

A

Output

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12
Q

Initial response enhances the original stimulus so that further responses are even greater

A

Positive Feedback Mechanism

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13
Q

An inability of the body to restore a functional, stable environment

A

Homeostatic Imbalance

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14
Q

All structures in particular region of the body

A

Regional

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15
Q

Vertically divides the body into left and right halves

A

Sagittal Plane

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16
Q

Also known as mid sagittal plane

A

Median Plane

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17
Q

Dividing front and back

A

Coronal Plane

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18
Q

A plane that is in any type of angle (preferably diagonal)

A

Oblique Plane

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19
Q

Also known as Cross section

A

Transverse Plane

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20
Q

2 main cavities in the body

A

Dorsal & Ventral

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21
Q

Smallest unit of life

A

Cells

22
Q

Cells that connect body parts, form linings, or transport gases

A

Fibroblasts, Erythrocytes, Epithelial cells

23
Q

Refers to the inner cheek

A

Buccal region

24
Q

What classification of epithelial tissue are found where adsorption, secretion and filtration occurs

A

Simple

25
Q

Well-vascularized tissues that are responsible for most type of body movement

A

Muscle tissue

26
Q

One-celled

A

Unicellular

27
Q

A generalized composite cell has:

A
  1. Plasma Membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
28
Q

What is an extracellular fluid?

A

includes interstitial fluids, blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid

29
Q

Substances that aid in digestion (gastric fluids) or act as lubricants (saliva)

A

Cellular secretions

30
Q

Make up the basic fabric of plasma membrane

A

Phospholipid Bilayer

31
Q

What is hydrophilic?

A

Water - loving

32
Q

What is hydrophobic?

A

Water - fearing

33
Q

Includes glycoproteins and glycolipids

A

Membrane Carbohydrates

34
Q

It allows neighboring cells to adhere and to communicate, inhibit or aid in allowing movement of molecules between cells

A

Cell junctions

35
Q

The region of the thorax overlying the sternum

A

Pre sternal region

36
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

diffuse directly through the lipid
bilayer

36
Q

Have the same concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in the cells, retain shape, exhibit no net loss or gain of water

A

Isotonic

37
Q

More dilute than cells, cells plump up or lyse

A

Hypotonic

38
Q

Higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than seen in the cell, lose water, shrivel or crenate

A

Hypertonic

39
Q

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells; internal water volume

A

Tonicity

40
Q

Form of chemical signaling where a cell targets itself

A

Autocrine

41
Q

Form of chemical signaling where a cell targets a distant cell through the bloodstream

A

Endocrine

42
Q

What is the acronym for GPCR?

A

G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

43
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Control center and contains the
instructions to build nearly all the body’s proteins

44
Q

Series of changes a cell goes through from the time
it is formed until it reproduces

A

Cell cycle

45
Q

Autophagy is also known as

A

self-eating

46
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

47
Q

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function

A

Tissues

48
Q

What is Pinocytosis?

A

Cell drinking

49
Q

Non-conducting cells that support, insulate and protect delicate neurons

A

Supporting cells

Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

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