module 1 Flashcards
anatomical position
palms forward, feet shoulder width apart, standing straight, eyes and head forward, arms by their side, toes pointed forward
2 major divisions regarding anatomy
axial & appendicular
axial
head, neck & trunk
appendicular
limbs
towards the front of the body (ventral) or in front of a body part
anterior
towards the back of the body (dorsal) or behind a body part
posterior
towards the head or the top of the body
superior
towards the feet or lower part of the body
inferior
towards the trunk or closer to the point of origin of the body part / structure
proximal
towards the midline of the body
medial
away from the trunk or the point of origin of the body part/structure
distal
away from the midline of the body
lateral
towards the body surface
superficial
away from the body surface
deep
this plane passes longitudinally through the body dividing it into unequal right and left slices
para sagittal / sagittal
This plane is longitudinal and exactly in the middle of the body (or body part) and divides it into equal right and left slices.
mid-sagittal or median
This plane passes vertically through the body dividing it into equal or unequal anterior and posterior slices.
coronal or frontal plane
This plane passes through the body at right angles to the frontal and median planes and divides the body into equal or unequal superior and inferior slices.
transverse
the plane that passes through the body vertically at any angle
oblique plane
2 cavities in the ventral cavity
thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity
2 cavities in the posterior cavities
cranial cavity & vertebral cavity
9 abdomino-pelvic regions
- right & left hypochondriac
- epigastric
- right & left lumbar
- umbilical
- right & left iliac
- hypogastric
molecules combine to form cells
cellular
all the parts of the body working together that constitute the total organism
organismal
related organs with a common function
system
the most basic components of matter that combine to form molecues
chemical
groups of cells and materials that perform a specific function
tissue
the joining of different tissue types with specific functions and recognisable shapes
organ
- provides protection
- prevents water loss and gain
- synthesises Vit D
- releases secretions
- regulates body temp
- houses sensory receptors
Integumentary system
Integumentary system (6 points)
- provides protection
- prevents water loss and gain
- synthesises Vit D
- releases secretions
- regulates body temp
- houses sensory receptors
- provides support & protection
- site of haematopoiesis (blood cell production)
- stores calcium and phosphorus
- provides sites for ligament and muscle attachments
skeletal system
skeletal system (4 points)
- provides support & protection
- site of haematopoiesis (blood cell production)
- stores calcium and phosphorus
- provides sites for ligament and muscle attachments
- provides body movement (locomotion)
- maintains posture
- generates heat when muscles contract
muscular system
muscular system (3 points)
- provides body movement (locomotion)
- maintains posture
- generates heat when muscles contract
glands secrete hormones that regulate:
- growth and development
- nutrients (metabolism)
- reproduction
endocrine
endocrine (3 points)
glands secrete hormones that regulate:
- growth and development
- nutrients (metabolism)
- reproduction
- consists of heart (pump) & blood vessel
- blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste products
cardiovascular or circulatory
cardiovascular or circulatory (2 points)
- consists of heart (pump) & blood vessel
- blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste products
- picks up fluid leaked from blood (interstitial fluid) and returns it to blood
- houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity
- participates in immune response (mounts attach against foreign substances)
lymphatic
lymphatic (3 points)
- picks up fluid leaked from blood (interstitial fluid) and returns it to blood
- houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity
- participates in immune response (mounts attach against foreign substances)
- keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
- site of gaseous exchanges
respiratory
respiratory
- keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
- site of gaseous exchanges
- breaks down food into absorbable units (mechanically and chemically)
- absorbs nutrients
- indigestible foodstuffs eliminated as faeces
digestive
digestive (3 points)
- breaks down food into absorbable units (mechanically and chemically)
- absorbs nutrients
- indigestible foodstuffs eliminated as faeces
- filters blood
- regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of blood
- eliminates nitrogenous wastes
- expels urine from the body
urinary
urinary (4 points)
- filters blood
- regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of blood
- eliminates nitrogenous wastes
- expels urine from the body
- produces male hormones
- produces male sex cell
- transfers sperm to the female
male reproductive system
male reproductive system (3 points)
- produces male hormones
- produces male sex cell
- transfers sperm to the female
- produces female hormones
- produces female sex cells
- receives sperm from the male
- grows embryos and produces offspring
- mammary glands produce breast milk to nourish newborn
female reproductive system
female reproductive system (5 points)
- produces female hormones
- produces female sex cells
- receives sperm from the male
- grows embryos and produces offspring
- mammary glands produce breast milk to nourish newborn
