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RMT -2nd Year > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

This non-Swedish technique reduces the stretch on muscle spindles allowing the muscle fibres to relax

A

Muscle approximation

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2
Q

Documentation results derived from an active ROM test would go in which section of the soap notes

A

Objective

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3
Q

Pain reproduced at the end-range during PROM (passive) testing indicates a problem with which tissue

A

Contractile

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4
Q

A key benefit of passive range of motion tests involves identifying the quality of the motion limitation for that movement. The quality of the end-range movements for a particular motion is is referred to as the:

A

End feel

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5
Q

What is the time frame of late subacute injury

A

2nd or 3rd week

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6
Q

Pain with resisted isometric movement is most indicative of:
Hypertonic muscle
Ligament sprain
Myofascial trigger points
Moderate muscle strain

A

Moderate muscle strain

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7
Q

A postural distortion would be most evident during which section of the HORPS assessment?

A

Observation

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8
Q

Which is an effect of stress?
Decreased sweating
Increased urination
increased mental alertness
Decrease in respiration rate

A

Increased mental alertness

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9
Q

Pain present on an AROM (active) testing would indicate a problem with which tissue
Inert, contractile or both

A

Both

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10
Q

While observing AROM , the therapist should note:

Pain and or limitation
Rhythm of movement
All of these answers
Unusual or trick movement

A

All of theses answers

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11
Q

The protective covering on the ends of bones where they attach to each other is known as the

A

Hyaline cartilage

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12
Q

true or false
Both chronic shortening and over-lengthening of fascia can lead to postural distortion

A

True

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13
Q

What is fascia

A

A slightly mobile connective tissue

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14
Q

What is fascia composed of

A

Elasto-collagenous complex

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15
Q

What are the three classifications of fascia

A

Superficial, deep, visceral (deepest)

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16
Q

Explain superficial, deep and visceral fascia

A

Superficial: laying directly below the dermis, allowing for potential fluids and metabolites to accumulate

Deep: surrounding and infusing with muscle, bone, nerves, blood vessels and organs to the cellular level

Visceral: the Dural system, encasing the central nervous system and the brain

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17
Q

What causes restrictions to fascia

A

Trauma, inflammatory processes and poor posture

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18
Q

What is the purpose of fascia?

A

3-D web-like framework, support for the entire body from top of head to toes without interruption

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19
Q

What are the functions of fascia

A

Transmits mechanical tension from external and internal forces, resists stresses

Protective covering, surrounding every organ, muscle, bone, nerve, and blood vessels to the cellular level

Reduces friction

Reduces muscular energy

Compartmentalizes muscles, cavities and organs

Gives stability to gravitational pull

Holds water, storing 23% of the body’s water content

Immunity

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20
Q

What is a trigger point

A

A hyper irritable spot, usually in a taut band of skeletal muscle or fascia

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21
Q

What are 6 common soft tissue injuries

A

Hypertonicity
Spasm
Trigger points
Atrophy
Strain
Sprain

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22
Q

What are common injuries found in joint capsules

A

Tears
Adhesions
Fibrosis

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23
Q

3 Common injuries found in fascia

A

Shortening
Adhesions
Restrictions

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24
Q

What are common injuries found in nerves

A

Compression
Degeneration

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25
Where are common injuries found in cartilage
Degeneration
26
What is a common injury found in bursa
Inflammation
27
What is Edema
Influx of fluid in the interstitial tissue due to injury
28
Name the types of mechanical forces
Compression Tension Shear Torsion Bending
29
What is compression
Structures pressed together e.g meniscal damage, herniated nucleus pulposus
30
What is tension
A force pull end of tissue away from each other e.g strains, tendinosis, sprains
31
What is shear mechanical force
Sliding force between 2 tissues = friction e.g tenosynovitis
32
What torsion
Rotation or twisting e.g ACL injury
33
What is bending
Compression on one side and stretch on other e.g bone fracture
34
What is stress response
The body’s response to any demand made upon it
35
What are 2 types of stress responses
Eustress: good; able to meet demands Distress: bad; negative and harmful aspects of physical and emotional stress
36
What are type of stressors
Societal/relationships Chemical ( caffeine, medication) Situational/life changes. Environmental (crowds, noise)
37
What is pain?
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with all resembling that associated with actual or potential tissue damage
38
A client enters your clinic complaining of a sore hip she has had for the last 3 months. Before you get her on the table, what is the sequence of steps you will complete? (9)
Intake Posture/ gait analysis Palpation AROM PROM Manual resisted testing Dermatomes Myotomes Reflexes Special orthopaedic testing
39
What does HOPRS stand for
H-history. O-observation P – palpation R-range of motion and resisted testing S-special tests
40
In the HOPRS format, what constitutes each of the following categories give examples (subjective includes what the client tells you they are feeling, and an example is pain.)
SUBJECTIVE– history (EG pain, headache] Ethan OBJECTIVE -OPRS (observation, Palpation, ROM, special tests) e.g postural distortion, compensatory patterns, atrophy ASSESSMENT– clinical impression PLAN- treatment plan
41
In the list of history questions what would be the FIRST question to ask a client
[Chief complaint.) what brings you in today?
42
Describe the following gait abnormalities Antalgic. Ataxic Hemiplegic
Antalgic – protects against further injury (limp) Ataxic- due to nerve damage, feet apart for balance movement exaggerated Hemiplegic-leg swing into abduction and flexion, affected in shoulder, abduction, elbow, and wrist, flexed, and pronated.
43
What are the 4 T’s and give examples?
Temperature-hot (inflammation), or cold (ischemia). Texture buggy (edema) even (healthy), muscle wasting/soft (atrophy), tissue stuck together (adhesions], roughness in joints or tendon/crunchy (crepitus). Tenderness -pain when palpated, numbness. Tone-hypotonic, hypertonic
44
What is end feel? how does the therapist perform end feel?
Therapist applies accessory motion at the end of available, passive ROM at the joint. The sensation felt by the therapist is “end feel”
45
Which one is normal end feel Muscle tissue stretch. Hard leather capsular stretch. Soft, boggy capsular stretch Empty. Muscle spasm. Boney Internal derangement/spring block Soft tissue approximation
Muscular tissue stretch, bony, soft tissue approximation
46
Which ones a pathological end feels? Muscle tissue stretch, hard, leathery capsular stretch. Soft, boggy capsular stretch Empty Muscle spasm Boney Internal derangement/springy block. Soft tissue approximation
Hard, leathery capsular stretch. Soft, boggy capsular stretch Empty Muscle spasm. Boney, internal derangement or bring a block
47
4 Benefits of massage on scars?
Soften scar tissue Desensitizes. Frees restrictions. Increases circulation
48
What are the five components of clinical impression give examples?
Signs/symptoms – hyper/hypotonicity, contracture, weakness, headaches, pain, redness. Location – lower back, shoulder, neck. Stage of healing – acute, subacute, chronic. Condition – bursitis, scoliosis, low back pain, plantar fasciitis Possible cause – overuse, immobility, osteoarthritis, walking on concrete floors
49
4 benefits that massage has on scars
Soften scar tissue Desensitizes Frees restrictions Increases circulation
50
What causes tight /hypertonic muscles
Muscle imbalances and tightness Increased rate of contraction stimulus causing muscle to hold a higher degree of resting tonus Limited ROM caused by stresses including mechanical,chemical, psychological
51
Definition of AROM testing? And purpose for testing
Definition:Active Range of Motion: client performs action! Purpose: Tests contractile and inert tissues. To see the overall ability of the client within their pain tolerance
52
Define PROM and purpose for testing
Definition: passive range of motion: therapist performs action Purpose: test inert tissues by keeping contractile tissue disengaged. Feel the end of a motion
53
Define MRT and purpose for performing it
Definition: Manual resistive testing, isometric contraction Purpose: test contractile tissues because there is no joint motion
54
What is a concentric muscle contraction
Muscle shortened by overcoming external resistance
55
What is an isometric muscle contraction?
Muscle contracts but no movement at the joint, force is equal between muscle contraction and external resistance
56
What is an isometric muscle contraction?
Muscle contracts but no movement at the joint, force is equal between muscle contraction and external resistance
57
Define Dermatome and Myotome and the purpose for including it in an assessment
Dermatome: an area of skin supplied by fibres of a single nerve root Myotome: a group of muscles that are innervated by the same nerve root Purpose: helps the therapist determine if there is nerve involvement and whether they can treat the client or if they need to refer them to someone else
58
How to perform palpation correctly?
Go slow Intention of structures you are looking for Avoid deep pressure
59
What is the general time frame for an acute stage injury?
Moment of injury to 3-4 days
60
What is the purpose of Diaphragmatic breathing
Easiest way to relax Break the pain cycle Client has control over uncomfortable techniques
61
What is the purpose of manual lymph drainage
Encourages lymph flow Decreases edema, pain perception and sympathetic nervous system firing Reduces scar tissue formation
62
What is the purpose of Golgi Tendon Organ, muscle approximation and origin and insertion
Reduces muscle tone and spasm
63
What is the purpose of indirect and Direct MFR
Increases excursion and flexibility of fascia, slide and glide
64
What is the purpose of Cross fibre friction
Break down adhesions in chronic injuries
65
What is the purpose of Trigger point release
Decrease tone
66
What is the purpose of pressure point release
Release muscle Decrease sinus congestion
67
What is the difference between capsular pattern and non-capsular? Why does a MT need to understand this for assessment?
Capsular pattern is a specific pattern of move, restriction unique to each joint, joints controlled by muscle Non-capsular pattern is a motion restriction not characteristic of a pattern, joint controlled by muscles Helps therapist determine if the problem is intra-articulated or extra-articular
68
What is Step length
Distance from point of first contact of one foot to point of first contact of opposite foot
69
What is stride length
Distance from point of contact of one foot to the next point of contact of the same foot
70
Antalgic gait
To protect against further injury to foot, ankle, knee, hip or low back. Painful gait
71
Arthrogenic gait
Circumduction of leg with stiff knee or hip and excessive plantar flexion of opposing ankle, allows for toe clearance of sore leg
72
Ataxic gait
Usually due to nerve damage. Feet kept apart for balance, exaggerated movements
73
Hemiplegic gait
Affected leg swings into abduction and flexion. Affected arm held in some degree of shoulder adduction, elbow and wrist flexion and pronated forearm
74
Parkinsonian gait
Shuffling or rapid steps with the knee, trunk and neck flexed. Arms held stiffly
75
Steppage or drop foot gait
Knee is lifted higher during swing phase to clear toes over ground, during initial contact the forefoot slaps the ground due to weak or paralyzed dorsiflexors

RMT -2nd Year (3 decks)

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