Module 1

Question 1

What is data?

Answer 1

Facts, figures, or contents (numerical or non-numerical).

Question 2

What is statistics?

Answer 2

Science of collecting, analyzing, and presenting data.

Question 3

Descriptive vs Inferential Statistics

Answer 3

Descriptive: Summarizes data.
Inferential: Draws conclusions from samples.

Question 4

Population vs Sample

Answer 4

Population: Entire group.
Sample: Subset analyzed.

Question 5

Data Collection Methods

Answer 5

Cross-sectional: One-time snapshot.
Time-series: Data over time.

Question 6

Types of data

Answer 6

Structured: Predefined format (e.g., spreadsheets).
Unstructured: No clear format (e.g., social media).

Question 7

Big data characteristics

Answer 7

Volume, Velocity, Variety.

Question 8

Scales of Measurement

Answer 8

Nominal: Labels.
Ordinal: Rank without differences.
Interval: Rank with differences, no true zero.
Ratio: Rank with true zero.

Question 9

Dealing with missing data

Answer 9

Omission: Remove missing values.
Imputation: Replace values.