Module 1

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

study of individual understanding and behavior

Question 2

Health

Answer 2

complete physical, mental, and social well-being

Question 3

Health Psychology

Answer 3

psychological research applied to health enhancement

Question 4

Health Psychologist topics

Answer 4

study habits
coping
communication
interventions

Question 5

health continuum

Answer 5

health exists on spectrum

Question 6

Primary Prevention

Answer 6

general knowledge spread to everyone

Question 7

Secondary prevention

Answer 7

targeted at-risk individuals for health issues

Question 8

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 8

focus on prevention disease from worsening in patients

Question 9

Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 9

Interconnected influences of biology, psychology, and society

Question 10

Biomedical Model

Answer 10

Mind and body are 2 separate entities

Question 11

qualitative methods

Answer 11

naturalistic observation and descriptive behavior measurement

Question 12

Qualitative strengths

Answer 12

exploration, flexibility, and ecological validity

Question 13

qualitative weaknesses

Answer 13

lacks control, subjective, and low generalization

Question 14

Survey Methods

Answer 14

self-reported data

Question 15

Survey Strengths

Answer 15

predictive, easy to administer, large samples

Question 16

Survey Weaknesses

Answer 16

third variable issues and biased responses

Question 17

Developmental methods

Answer 17

Longitudinal or cross-sectional studies

Question 18

Developmental strengths

Answer 18

captures short/long term developmental effects

Question 19

Developmental weaknesses

Answer 19

cohort effect and participant attrition

Question 20

Experimental methods

Answer 20

manipulate variable to determine causality

Question 21

Experimental strengths

Answer 21

control groups establish causal relationships

Question 22

experimental weaknesses

Answer 22

low generalization and artificial settings

Question 23

Quasi-experiments

Answer 23

compare existing groups

Question 24

epidemiological methods

Answer 24

study patterns, causes, and effects of health

Question 25

morbidity

Answer 25

illness or disease prevalence in a population

Question 26

Mortatlity

Answer 26

death rate within a population

Question 27

incidence

Answer 27

number of new cases in a time frame

Question 28

prevalence

Answer 28

percentage of the population affected with a condition

Question 29

prospective study

Answer 29

observational study tracking outcomes over time

Question 30

natural experiment

Answer 30

observational studies without controlled variables

Question 31

randomized control trials

Answer 31

experiments with random assignment to treatment groups

Question 32

causality

Answer 32

relationship where one event causes another

Question 33

placebo group

Answer 33

control group receiving inactive treatment

Question 34

double blind study

Answer 34

neither participants nor researchers know treatment

Question 35

internal validity

Answer 35

degrees to which study accurately measures cause

Question 36

external validity

Answer 36

generalizability of study findings to real-world

Question 37

health behavior theories

Answer 37

framework predicting health-related actions and changes

Question 38

continuum models

Answer 38

theories predicting behavior along a continuous scales

Question 39

stage model

Answer 39

theories describing behavior change in distinct stages

Question 40

health belief model

Answer 40

predicts behavior based on perceived health risks

Question 41

self-efficacy

Answer 41

confidence on one’s ability to perform actions

Question 42

social cognitive theories

Answer 42

focus on learning through observation and modeling

Question 43

behavioral intention

Answer 43

motivation to engage in a specific behavior

Question 44

classical conditioning

Answer 44

learning through association of stimuli

Question 45

operant conditioning

Answer 45

learning through rewards and punishments

Question 46

observational learning

Answer 46

learning by watching other’s behaviors and outcomes

Question 47

transtheoretical model

Answer 47

stages of change framework for behavior modification

Question 48

precaution adoption process model

Answer 48

stages leading to behavior change regarding risks

Question 49

health action process approach

Answer 49

focuses on motivation and planning for behavior change

Question 50

self positivity bias

Answer 50

belief that one is less at risk than others

Question 51

illusion of invulnerability

Answer 51

false belief that ones immune to risks

Question 52

threat discounting

Answer 52

avoiding or dismissing threatening health information

Question 53

confirmation bias

Answer 53

favoring information. that aligns with what you already believe

Question 54

self affirmation

Answer 54

reinforcing self-worth to process health information

Question 55

stress

Answer 55

lack of resources to manage life events

Question 56

person environment fit

Answer 56

alignment between individual and environmental demands

Question 57

common stress sources

Answer 57

life events like divorce, illness, or job loss

Question 58

daily hassles

Answer 58

routine stressors affecting daily life

Question 59

objective stress

Answer 59

actual stress

Question 60

Perceived stress

Answer 60

individual interpretation of stress

Question 61

fight or flight response

Answer 61

physiological reaction to perceived threats

Question 62

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 62

3 phase response to prolonged stress exposure

Question 63

stress measurement

Answer 63

using self reports, behaviors, and physiological responses

Question 64

chronic stress consequences

Answer 64

increased risk of physical and mental health issues

Question 65

coping strategies

Answer 65

methods to manage stress and its demands

Question 66

problem focuses coping

Answer 66

addressing solvable problems to reduce stress

Question 67

emotion focused coping

Answer 67

managing emotional responses to stressors

Question 68

cognitive reframing

Answer 68

changing perspective to reduce stress impact

Question 69

avoidance based coping

Answer 69

denial or suppression of stress related emotions

Question 70

controllability in stress

Answer 70

influence of control over stress management effectiveness

Question 71

social support

Answer 71

emotional and practical assistance from others

Question 72

personality

Answer 72

stable patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior

Question 73

Big 5 of personality traits

Answer 73

Openess, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Question 74

health related personality factors

Answer 74

traits like optimism linked to better health

Question 75

internal locus of control

Answer 75

belief in personal control over life events

Question 76

hardiness

Answer 76

resilience in facing life’s challenges

Question 77

extraversion

Answer 77

enjoyment of social attention and interaction

Question 78

conscientiousness

Answer 78

meticulousness and reliability in behavior

Question 79

neuroticism

Answer 79

tendency towards emotional instability and anxiety

Question 80

Type A behavior

Answer 80

personality characterized by competitiveness and urgency

Question 81

hostility

Answer 81

aggressive attitude leading to interpersonal conflict

Question 82

health habits

Answer 82

lifestyle choices affecting overall health treatment adherence

Question 83

physiological reactions

Answer 83

body’s respinse to psychological stressors

Question 84

marshmallow test

Answer 84

measures self-control and predicts health outcomes

Question 85

self-control

Answer 85

ability to regulated impulses and delay gratification

Question 86

self-concept

Answer 86

mental representation of one’s beliefs and feelings

Question 87

self-awareness

Answer 87

recognition of one’s own emotions and thoughts

Question 88

self-complexity

Answer 88

diversity of self-concepts across different contexts

Question 89

perceived social support

Answer 89

subjective assessment of available social resources

Question 90

objective social support

Answer 90

actual supportive behaviors received from others

Question 91

matching hypothesis

Answer 91

optimal support type depends on situational context

Question 92

social network features

Answer 92

characteristics like density, durability, and reciprocity

Question 93

loneliness

Answer 93

perceived social isolation or unmet social needs

Question 94

chronic loneliness prevalence

Answer 94

15-30% of people experience chronic loneliness

Question 95

Hawkley & Cacioppo’s Model

Answer 95

explains loneliness through hyper-vigilance and prophecies

Question 96

pet ownership benefits

Answer 96

provides emotional support and companionship

Question 97

complement hypothesis

Answer 97

pets enhance, but do not replace human relationships

Question 98

parasocial relationships

Answer 98

one-sided emotional connections with media figures

Question 99

positive outcomes of parasocial relationships

Answer 99

fosters social support and emotional regulation

Question 100

negative outcomes of parasocial relationships

Answer 100

can lead to increased feelings of isolation

Question 101

social support types

Answer 101

emotional
instrumental
informational
validational

Question 102

buffering hypothesis

Answer 102

social support mitigates negative stress effects

Question 103

direct effects hypothesis

Answer 103

social support benefits health regardless of stress level