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ORGANIC Chem > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

An atom consists of three basic units:

A

*proton
*neutron
*Electron

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2
Q

An atom consists of three basic units:

A

*proton
*neutron
*Electron

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3
Q

Protons and neutrons are located in..

A

a small,dense region atthe center of the atom known as nucleus

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4
Q

accounts for only a small part of the total volume of the atom,having a diameterapproximately 1/10,000 that of the entire atom

A

Nucleus Account

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5
Q

Account for most of the mass of the atom

A

Protons andneutrons account

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6
Q

the mass of an________ is negligible compared to the masses of protons andneutrons.

A

Electron

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7
Q

The ________ are located outside the nucleus in regionsknown as orbitals.

A

Electrons

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8
Q

are region of space within the energy level where electrons are found.

A

Orbitals

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9
Q

differ in their number of protons,neutrons,and electrons.

A

Atoms of various types

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10
Q

is the number of protons in the atom

A

The atomic number (Z)

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11
Q

the number of _________________in an atom must be equal to the number of negativelycharged electrons

A

positively charged protons

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12
Q

For _____ (+ions),where there is loss of electrons,electrons will be subtracted by the number equal to the charge of the ion.

A

cations

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13
Q

No of p=

A

No of e

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14
Q

For _______ (-ions),where there is gain of electrons,electrons will be added by the number equal to the charge of the ion.

A

anions

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15
Q

The mass number (A)(atomic mass rounded off to a whole number)is equal to the _______________________.

A

sum of the number of protons and neutrons (A=p+n)

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16
Q

Stands for energy level

A

n

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17
Q

orbit atoms in clouds of distinct shapes and sizes.

A

Electrons

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18
Q

are layered one inside the other into units called shells or energy levels

A

electron clouds

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19
Q

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals is known as

A

electron configuration

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20
Q

The electrons are assigned to the properorbitals by the following rules:

A

1.The orbitals of lowest energy are filled first (Aufbau Principle)
2.Only two electrons can occupy the same orbital,and they must be of opposite spin (Pauli Exclusion Principle)
3.If two or more empty orbitals of equal energy are available,one electron is placed in each until all are half-fu( Hund’s Rule).

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21
Q

The study of ___________ was separated from compounds of all theother elements of the Periodic table.

A

carbon compounds

22
Q

Chemists have discovered or made more than_________of carbon compounds and an estimated 10,000 new ones each year.

A

10 million

23
Q

Chemists have discovered or made more than 10 million of carbon compounds and an estimated ______________ each year.

A

10,000 new ones

24
Q

_______,_______,______,_______,_______,__,______and almost all other important chemicals in living systems are organic compounds.

A

*carbohydrates
*lipids
*proteins
*enzymes
*nucleic acids
*hormones
*vitamins,

25
Q

The principal natural sources of organic compounds are:

A

*plants
*animals
*natural gas
*petroleum
*oil shale distillates

26
Q

plants and animals and even micro organisms makes thousands of organic compounds by a process called

A

biosynthesis

27
Q

is said that the number of organic compounds has been estimated recently to more than ten million and still growing every year.

A

Nature of Organic Compounds

28
Q

are said to be chemical factories.

A

Living organisms

29
Q

Carbon can form ________ with other carbon atoms as well as withother atoms

A

four bonds

30
Q

Source of Organic Compounds:

A

*Isolation from nature
*Synthesis in laboratory

31
Q

Nature of Organic Compound

A

*Carbon atoms can form four bonds with other carbon atoms as well other atoms
*Carbon atoms can link with each other to form linear,branched or cyclic chains
*Carbon has the ability to form single,double and triple bonds

32
Q

Carbon atoms can form chains ___________ long,or rings of allsizes

A

thousands of atoms

33
Q

can be linked to one another in a number

A

four carbon atom

34
Q

is the longest and weakest bond

A

Single bond

35
Q

the shortest and strongest bond

A

triple bond

36
Q

is intermediate between the two bonds.

A

Double bond

37
Q

Organic compounds can be classified into two groups:

A

*hydrocarbon
* heteroatoms

38
Q

Hydrocarbons contain only

A

hydrogen and carbon

39
Q

Elements other than carbon and hydrogen found in organic compounds are called

A

heteroatoms

40
Q

are structural features that allow us to class compounds together by reactivity.

A

Functional groups

41
Q

is a part of a larger molecule

A

functional group

42
Q

also serves as a basis for naming organic compounds.

A

Functional group

43
Q

Type of Formulas

A

*general formula
*Molecular formula
*Empirical formula
*Structural formula
*Condensed structural formula
* Abbreviated condensed formula
*Line angle formula

44
Q

This formula represents an entire series of compounds.
Ex.
CnH2n+2 alkanes
CnH₂n-2 alkynes
R-OH alcohols

A

General Formula

45
Q

This formula gives the actual number of atoms of the constituent elements in the molecule.
Ex.
C₂H₂. nacetylene
C₂H₆. Onethanol

A

Molecular Formula

46
Q

This formula gives the simplest ratio of the atoms in the molecule.
Ex.
Benzene (C₆H₆) formula of CH
Glucose(C₆H1₂O₆) formula of CH₂O\n

A

Simplest or Empirical Formula

47
Q

shows the arrangement of atoms or group of atoms in the molecule.

A

Structural formula

48
Q

This formula represents structural formula in a simpler way.

A

Condensed Structural Formula

49
Q

Ex.Ethanol as shown above can be written asCH₃-CH₂-OH or CH₃CH₂OHAcetic acid can be written asCH₃-COOH or CH₃

A

Condensed structural formula

50
Q

This is an abbreviated way to draw structural formulas in which each angle represents a carbon atom and each line represents a bond.

A

Angle Formula or Bond-line Formula

ORGANIC Chem (1 decks)

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