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EARTHQUAKE > MODULE 1 > Flashcards

MODULE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

composed of a sequence of shells or layers

A

geosphere

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2
Q

heaviest form

A

geosphere

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3
Q

known as core

A

barysphere

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4
Q

composed of inner and outer core

A

barysphere

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5
Q

densest central part of the earth

A

barysphere

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6
Q

known as mantle

A

asthenosphere

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7
Q

composed of hot, dense ultrabasic igneous rock

A

asthenosphere

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8
Q

2,685 thk.

A

asthenosphere

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9
Q

known as crust

A

lithosphere

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10
Q

thinnest outer, solid shells

A

lithosphere

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11
Q

200 km, density 1500 kg/m3

A

lithosphere

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12
Q

high pressure and temperature gradients between the crust

A

convection current

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13
Q

to develop a viscous mantle

A

convention current

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14
Q

cause the crust and some portion of the mantle to slide on the hot molten outer core

A

tectonic plate

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15
Q

made of either oceanic or continental crust

A

tectonic plate

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16
Q

move in difference direction

A

plate tectonics

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17
Q

difference speed relative to each other at a rate of 5 to 10cm per yr.

A

plate tectonics

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18
Q

pushed against and subduct under the continental plates, resulting in continental drift

A

oceanic plates

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19
Q

around of the rim of the pacific ocean

A

pacific ring of fire

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20
Q

vibrations or oscillations of the ground surface

A

earthquake

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21
Q

give rise to elastic impulses or waves

A

earthquake

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22
Q

develop by M.F. Reid (1906)

A

elastic bound theory

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23
Q

gradual accumulation & subsequent release of stress and strain

A

elastic rebound

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24
Q

earthquake occurs along the boundaries of the tectonic plates

A

interplate

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25
Q

occurring within the plates themselves away from the plate boundaries

A

intraplate

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26
Q

latur earthquake (1993)

A

intraplate

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27
Q

great assam earthquake (1950)

A

interplate

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28
Q

fault along the vertical and horizontal direction

A

dip slip

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29
Q

fault along the lateral direction

A

strike slip

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30
Q

moment of each couple

A

earthquake moment/seismic moment

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31
Q

used as a measure of earthquake size

A

earthquake moment/seismic moment

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32
Q

two plates pushed upwards against each other, formed major mountain systems

A

himalayas

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33
Q

well known as divergent boundary

A

mid-atlantic ridge

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34
Q

divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other

A

mid-atlantic ridge

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35
Q

places where the plate slide sideway

A

transform boundaries

36
Q

neither created or destroyed

A

transform boundaries

37
Q

found on the sea floor

A

transform boundaries

38
Q

connect segments of diverging mid-ocean

A

transform boundaries

39
Q

california’s san andres fault length 1,200 km

A

transform boundaries

40
Q

break, fracture, fissure or zone of weakness

41
Q

extend hundreds of km

42
Q

move within 10,000 yrs.

A

active fault

43
Q

shows evidence or has documented history

A

active fault

44
Q

weak to violent shaking of the ground

A

earthquake

45
Q

dominantry right-lateral strike slip fault system in luzon

A

marikina valley fault system

46
Q

application capable to do proximity searches to active faults

A

PHIVOLCS FaultFinder

47
Q

vibration felt in the bedrock

48
Q

preceded by smaller earthquake

A

foreshocks

49
Q

larger earthquake are always followed

A

aftershocks

50
Q

point of generation of an earthquake

A

focus / center

51
Q

point on the earth’s surface directly above focus

52
Q

depth of the focus from the epicenter

A

focal depth

53
Q

distance from the epicenter to any point of interest

A

focal distance

54
Q

instrument used to measure the vibration. it is also used to measure the relativeness week ground motions

A

seismograph

55
Q

record the movements of the earth

A

seismograms

56
Q

sensor that detects ground shaking

A

seismometer

57
Q

implies the location of its epicenter

A

locating earthquake

58
Q

non-instrumental perceptibility of qualitative measure of damage to structures

59
Q

composed of increasing levels of intensity

A

modified mercalli intensity

60
Q

scale generally deal with the manner in which the earthquake is felt by people

A

lower numbers

61
Q

scale and based on observed structural damage

A

high numbers

62
Q

PEIS

A

PHIVOLCS earthquake intensity scale

63
Q

used in phivolcs to measure the intensity of an earthquake

64
Q

measure the amount of energy released at the focus

65
Q

marks the intersection of the fault

A

ground rupture

66
Q

vibration of the ground during an earthquake

A

ground shaking

67
Q

behave like liquid similar to a quick sand

A

liquefaction

68
Q

down slope movement of rock, soil and other debris commonly triggered by strong shaking

A

earthquake-induced landslide

69
Q

series of waves caused commonly by an earthquake under the sea

70
Q

travelling through the interior of the earth

A

body waves

71
Q

resulting from interaction between body waves

A

surface waves

72
Q

displacements of the ground due to movement of the fault

73
Q

also known as the gutenberg discontinuity

A

core-mantle boundary

74
Q

density of mantle

A

6000 kg/m3

75
Q

thickness of tectonic plate

A

about 80km

76
Q

density of steel

A

7850 kg/m3

77
Q

density of core

A

1600 kg/m3

78
Q

cause the earth’s mass to circulate

A

convection current

79
Q

large rigid blocks that makes up the earth’s crust

A

crustal plates

80
Q

destructive margin

A

convergent boundary

81
Q

largest strain energy released during an earthquake travels

A

seismic waves

82
Q

size of seismic waves

83
Q

conservative margin

A

transform boundary

84
Q

map that shows the intensity where the epicenter is near

A

isoseismal map

85
Q

constructive margine

A

divergent boundary

EARTHQUAKE (2 decks)

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