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EARTHQUAKE > MODULE 1 > Flashcards

MODULE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

composed of a sequence of shells or layers

A

geosphere

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2
Q

heaviest form

A

geosphere

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3
Q

known as core

A

barysphere

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4
Q

composed of inner and outer core

A

barysphere

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5
Q

densest central part of the earth

A

barysphere

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6
Q

known as mantle

A

asthenosphere

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7
Q

composed of hot, dense ultrabasic igneous rock

A

asthenosphere

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8
Q

2,685 thk.

A

asthenosphere

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9
Q

known as crust

A

lithosphere

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10
Q

thinnest outer, solid shells

A

lithosphere

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11
Q

200 km, density 1500 kg/m3

A

lithosphere

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12
Q

high pressure and temperature gradients between the crust

A

convection current

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13
Q

to develop a viscous mantle

A

convention current

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14
Q

cause the crust and some portion of the mantle to slide on the hot molten outer core

A

tectonic plate

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15
Q

made of either oceanic or continental crust

A

tectonic plate

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16
Q

move in difference direction

A

plate tectonics

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17
Q

difference speed relative to each other at a rate of 5 to 10cm per yr.

A

plate tectonics

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18
Q

pushed against and subduct under the continental plates, resulting in continental drift

A

oceanic plates

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19
Q

around of the rim of the pacific ocean

A

pacific ring of fire

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20
Q

vibrations or oscillations of the ground surface

A

earthquake

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21
Q

give rise to elastic impulses or waves

A

earthquake

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22
Q

develop by M.F. Reid (1906)

A

elastic bound theory

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23
Q

gradual accumulation & subsequent release of stress and strain

A

elastic rebound

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24
Q

earthquake occurs along the boundaries of the tectonic plates

A

interplate

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25
occurring within the plates themselves away from the plate boundaries
intraplate
26
latur earthquake (1993)
intraplate
27
great assam earthquake (1950)
interplate
28
fault along the vertical and horizontal direction
dip slip
29
fault along the lateral direction
strike slip
30
moment of each couple
earthquake moment/seismic moment
31
used as a measure of earthquake size
earthquake moment/seismic moment
32
two plates pushed upwards against each other, formed major mountain systems
himalayas
33
well known as divergent boundary
mid-atlantic ridge
34
divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other
mid-atlantic ridge
35
places where the plate slide sideway
transform boundaries
36
neither created or destroyed
transform boundaries
37
found on the sea floor
transform boundaries
38
connect segments of diverging mid-ocean
transform boundaries
39
california's san andres fault length 1,200 km
transform boundaries
40
break, fracture, fissure or zone of weakness
fault
41
extend hundreds of km
fault
42
move within 10,000 yrs.
active fault
43
shows evidence or has documented history
active fault
44
weak to violent shaking of the ground
earthquake
45
dominantry right-lateral strike slip fault system in luzon
marikina valley fault system
46
application capable to do proximity searches to active faults
PHIVOLCS FaultFinder
47
vibration felt in the bedrock
shocks
48
preceded by smaller earthquake
foreshocks
49
larger earthquake are always followed
aftershocks
50
point of generation of an earthquake
focus / center
51
point on the earth's surface directly above focus
epicenter
52
depth of the focus from the epicenter
focal depth
53
distance from the epicenter to any point of interest
focal distance
54
instrument used to measure the vibration. it is also used to measure the relativeness week ground motions
seismograph
55
record the movements of the earth
seismograms
56
sensor that detects ground shaking
seismometer
57
implies the location of its epicenter
locating earthquake
58
non-instrumental perceptibility of qualitative measure of damage to structures
intensity
59
composed of increasing levels of intensity
modified mercalli intensity
60
scale generally deal with the manner in which the earthquake is felt by people
lower numbers
61
scale and based on observed structural damage
high numbers
62
PEIS
PHIVOLCS earthquake intensity scale
63
used in phivolcs to measure the intensity of an earthquake
peis
64
measure the amount of energy released at the focus
magnitude
65
marks the intersection of the fault
ground rupture
66
vibration of the ground during an earthquake
ground shaking
67
behave like liquid similar to a quick sand
liquefaction
68
down slope movement of rock, soil and other debris commonly triggered by strong shaking
earthquake-induced landslide
69
series of waves caused commonly by an earthquake under the sea
tsunamis
70
travelling through the interior of the earth
body waves
71
resulting from interaction between body waves
surface waves
72
displacements of the ground due to movement of the fault
fissuring
73
also known as the gutenberg discontinuity
core-mantle boundary
74
density of mantle
6000 kg/m3
75
thickness of tectonic plate
about 80km
76
density of steel
7850 kg/m3
77
density of core
1600 kg/m3
78
cause the earth's mass to circulate
convection current
79
large rigid blocks that makes up the earth's crust
crustal plates
80
destructive margin
convergent boundary
81
largest strain energy released during an earthquake travels
seismic waves
82
size of seismic waves
amplitude
83
conservative margin
transform boundary
84
map that shows the intensity where the epicenter is near
isoseismal map
85
constructive margine
divergent boundary
86

EARTHQUAKE (2 decks)

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