Module 1 Flashcards
Cellular communication
Page 15-17
* Maintains homeostasis
* Regulates growth and division
* Coordinates functions
Cells communicate in 3 main ways
- They display plasma membrane–bound signaling molecules (receptors)
- They affect receptor proteins inside the target cell & the signal molecule has to enter the cell to bind to them
- They form protein channels (gab junctions) that directly coordinates activity of adjacent cells
Hydrophobic
Page 7
Hydrophilic
Page 7
Extracellular fluid components
Page 12-15
* Plasma
*Interstitial fluid
* Lymph
*Transcellular fluid
Cell death by necrosis
Page 85-88; Slides 34-38
Creatinine Kinase-Why would it be elevated?
*Creatine helps recycle ATP–muscle metabolism
*Heat creates creatine–creatinine
*Enzyme to help homeostasis
Krebs cycle (summary)
Page 20
Releases ATP & CO2
*Occurs in the mitochondiral matrix
* Most of the ATP is generated at this stage
* 2/3 of the total oxidation of carbon compounds in cells
* End products: CO2 and two dinucleotides INADH & FADH2
* Key part of aerobic respiration in cells
Mechanism of cellular injury and death
Page 47-68
Cannot keep homeostasis
Intracellular electrolytes
Page 111; Slide 12
* Potassium
* Phosphate
* Organic ions
* Magnesium
* Proteins
calcium
Extracellular electrolytes
Page 111; Slide 12
* Sodium
* Chloride
* Bicarbonate
calcium
Sodium concentration is controlled how?
Page 111-114
Regulated by ADH
Distribution of body fluids in aging
Page 91-94
Edema treatments
Page 110-111
* Diuretics
* Elevating limbs
* Compression stockings
* Avoid prolonged standing
* Restrict salt intake
ABG interpretation (acidosis)
Page 129-131
PH <7.35
High H+
Phagocytosis
Chapter 1 PP slides
Large molecular substances are engulfed by the plasma membrane and enter the cell so that these substances can be isolated and destroyed by lysosomal enzymes
ABG interpretation (alkalosis)
Page 129-131
PH>7.45
Low H+
Eukaryotic cells
Chapter 1
Passive transport is driven by what?
Occurs when water and small, electrically uncharged molecules move through pores–does not require energy
Passive transport
Diffusion
*A solute is moved from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
*The difference in concentration is known as a concentration gradient
*The rate of diffusion of a substance depends on its size and lipid solubility
Lysosome
Structure:
Saclike structures that originate from the golgi (primary vs secondary lysosomes)
Functions:
Intracellular digestion system
Role in autodigestion and autophagy
Sodium transport
Page 25-25
Hypercapnia
Page 64
Respiratory acidosis
