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Chem (MLT) > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Quantitative unit of measure

A

Physical quantity or dimension, such as mass, length, time, or volume

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2
Q

Specifications for AR chemicals established by

A

American Committee Society (ACS)

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3
Q

Methods of water purification

A

Prefiltration
Distillation
Deionization
Reverse osmosis
Ultrafiltration and nano filtration

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4
Q

Primary standard

A

Highly purified chemical that can be measured directly to produce a substance if exact known concentration and purity
(Certified by ACS)

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5
Q

Who lists and controls categories of water?

A

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

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6
Q

Basic parameters

A

Microbiologic count, pH, resistivity, silicate, particulate matter, organics

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7
Q

Solute

A

A substance dissolved in a liquid

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8
Q

Analytes

A

Biologic solutes

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9
Q

Solvent

A

Liquid in which solute is dissolved

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10
Q

Solution

A

Solute plus solvent

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11
Q

Concentration can be expressed as

A

Percent solution, molarity, molality, normality, moles

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12
Q

Percent solution

A

Amount of solute per 100 total units of solution
(w/w, v/v, w/v)

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13
Q

Normality

A

Number of gram equivalent weights per 1 L of solution

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14
Q

Colligative properties

A

Osmotic pressure, vapor pressure, freezing point, boiling point

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15
Q

Redox potential

A

Measure of ability of solution to accept or donate electrons

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16
Q

Conductivity

A

Measure of how well electricity passes through a solution

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17
Q

pH

A

Inverse log of hydrogen ion concentration

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18
Q

Buffers

A

Weak acids or bases and their related salts that minimize changes in hydrogen ion concentration

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19
Q

Laboratory vessels

A

Flasks, beakers, graduated cylinders

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20
Q

Pipettes

A

Glass or plastic utensils used to transfer liquids

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21
Q

Burettes

A

Look like wide, long, graduated pipettes with stopcock at one end

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22
Q

Syringes

A

Sometimes used for transfer of small.voluked in blood has analysis or in separation techniques

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23
Q

Beakers

A

Straight-sided jar, wide mouth w/ pouring spout, volume in mL
Mixing liquids, holding liquids, estimating volume

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24
Q

Erlenmeyer flask

A

Flat bottom with sloping sides, narrow neck that can be stoppered, mL
Holding liquids, mixing solutions, measuring noncritical volumes

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25
Q

Volumetric flask

A

Bulbous bottom, narrow neck; single, calibrated volume marker
Measuring critical volumes, preparing solutions

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26
Q

Graduated cylinder

A

Upright, straight sided tube, flared base, volume gradations
Measure noncritical volumes

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27
Q

Test tubes

A

Straight sided tubes, glass or plastic, may have caps, may have conical bottom
Contain liquid samples, contain chemical reactions

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28
Q

Glassware made of

A

Pyrex or kimax heat-resistance glass

29
Q

Desiccator

A

A closed, airtight chamber

30
Q

Desiccant

A

Drying agent that removes moisture from air and other substances

31
Q

Balances classified by

A

Design, number of pans (single or double), mechanical versus electronic

32
Q

Balance operating range

A

Precision, analytic, microbalance

33
Q

Centrifugation

A

Process in which centrifugal force is used to separate solid matter from a liquid suspension

34
Q

Centrifuge parts

A

Head or rotor
Carriers or shields attached to vertical shaft of motor
Metal enclosure

35
Q

Force depends on

A

Mass, speed, radius

36
Q

Centrifuged classified according to:

A

Bench top versus floor
Refrigeration
Rotor head type (fixed, hematocrit, swinging bucket, angled)
Maximum speed attainable

37
Q

Centrifuge applications

A

Separating serum or plasma from blood cells
Separating supernatant from a precipitate in analytic reaction
Separating two immiscible liquids or expelling air

38
Q

RPM

A

Revolutions per minute

39
Q

RCF

A

Relative centrifugal force

40
Q

RCF calculation (G-force)

A

(1.12x10^-5)x radius x RPM^2

41
Q

Centrifuge interferences

A

Time, temperature, braking

42
Q

Parts of a pipette

A

Bore, bulb, delivery tip, stem, mouthpiece, delivery tube

43
Q

Identifying information on a pipette

A

Total capacity
Increments
TD or TC
Tolerance (transfer pipettes only)
Double painted bands or frosted band

44
Q

TD

A

To deliver or to dispense

45
Q

TC

A

To contain

46
Q

TC

A

To contain

47
Q

Volumetric pipettes

A

Transfer (single)
Critical volume, non-viscous
No blow out

48
Q

Non-viscous

A

Serum, urine, most chemical solutions

49
Q

Viscous

A

Whole blood
Synovial

50
Q

Ostwald-folin pipette

A

Transfer (single)
Critical volume, viscous, blow out

51
Q

Mohr pipette

A

Measuring (multiple)
Noncritical
Not calibrated to tip, no blow out

52
Q

Serological pipette

A

Measuring (multiple volumes)
Noncritical
Calibrated to tip, blow out remaining liquid

53
Q

Blow out indicated by

A

Double painted rings or etched rings at the mouthpiece

54
Q

Selecting a pipette

A

Type of liquid
Importance of measurement
Volume needed
Max pipette volume (no greater than 10x the volume)
Clean and no cracks

55
Q

Why prewet?

A

Pipettes are calibrated to deliver the marked capacity after they have been wetted down

56
Q

Micropipettes

A

Transfer volumes less than or equal to 1 mL
Semiautomatic with disposable tips
May have adjustable volume capability

57
Q

Types of micropipettes

A

Air displacement
Positive displacement

58
Q

Air displacement micropipettes

A

Plunger, tip eject button, volume, shaft, removable plastic tip

59
Q

Holding pipette

A

Straight up and down

60
Q

Filtration

A

Solution (filtrate) drains through filter into receiving vessel

61
Q

Dialysis

A

Solution placed in bag or on one side of semipermeable membrane
Larger molecules remain in bag or on one side of membrane; smaller molecules and solvents are diffused out

62
Q

Dialysis

A

Solution placed in bag or on one side of semipermeable membrane
Larger molecules remain in bag or on one side of membrane; smaller molecules and solvents are diffused out

63
Q

Beer’s law

A

Concentration of Standard (Cs)/Absorbance of standard (As) = Concentration of unknown (Cu)/Absorbance of unknown (Au)

64
Q

Dilution

A

A diluent to weaken original sample

65
Q

Dilution formula

A

Volume of sample one/total volume = volume of sample 2/total volume

66
Q

Temperature formula

A

F=1.8C+32

67
Q

Titer

A

Smallest amount or concentration that will produce a reaction
Whole number

68
Q

Working solution

A

Working solutions are made by diluting stock (concentrated) solutions

69
Q

Kelvin calculation

A

C+273

Chem (MLT) (1 decks)

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