Module 1 Flashcards
What does “right” and “wrong” refer to?
behaviors or conduct
What does “good” and “bad” refer to?
outcomes and consequences of behaviors
What is the goal of ethics?
to protect the rights and needs of professions (or groups) when situations are not just black and white
What is morality?
the operational side of ethics that provides a basis of right and wrong for application of ethics
______ are practiced whereas _______ are known
ethics and morals
What are the four ethical principles?
obligation, fairness, mercy, and duty
What are the four processes that result in ethical behavior?
moral sensitivity, moral judgement, moral motivation, and moral character
What are the three ethical theories?
normative ethics, metaethics, and applied ethics
What theory is the study of moral standards, principles, concepts, values, and theories, and seeks to determine what is right or wrong to justify the standards for behavior?
normative ethics
What theory is the study of the nature of moral standards, principles, values, and theories that explores the meaning of moral concepts and analyzes the moral reasoning?
metaethics
What theory is the study of ethical dilemmas, choices, and standards of application in particular contexts, including occupations, professions, and situations?
applied ethics
What is personal context?
the objective testing and questioning of personal values and ethics
What are the five elements to personal ethics?
discretion, duty, honesty, loyalty, and respect
What is social context?
involves how people relate to others based on the given circumstances, understanding a person’s history and environment before judging their actions
What is the utilitarian approach?
human beings judge the morality of actions in terms of the consequences or the results of those actions
What does the utilitarian approach want to achieve?
the greatest good for the greatest number of people
What did Bentham focus on?
the concept of pleasure versus pain
What did Mill focus on?
happiness versus unhappiness
What are the four sanctions in the utilitarian approach?
physical, political, moral, and religious
What is the deontological approach?
states that moral actions occur out of obligation and are judged based on the intention and motivation for the action
What is duty?
an expression of free will to do the right thing even if no one is paying attention
What are the two levels of deontological theory?
extreme or inconsequential and moderate
What are maxims?
universally accepted and commanding laws
What are the four levels of moral thinking?
- ideal decision making
- practical decision making
- reflective decision making
- political decision making
What is existentialism?
focuses on an individual’s freedom to make choices without the influence of others
What is intentionalism?
maintains that people possess free will and are accountable for their actions
What is Rule 1?
inherent good > noninherent good
What are inherent goods?
valuable objects, actions, or qualities such as life, liberty, justice, and happiness
What are noninherent goods?
objects, actions, or qualities whose value depends on the ability to bring about intrinsic good such as money and loyalty
What is Rule 2?
noninherent evil > inherent evil
What is noninherent evil?
serves as a means for bringing about or maintaining harm but by itself is not directly harmful such as weapons and government
What is inherent evil?
objects, actions, or qualities that are directly harmful such as death, slavery, or injustice
What is Rule 3?
select the highest good or the lowest evil
