Module 1

Question 1

What does “right” and “wrong” refer to?

Answer 1

behaviors or conduct

Question 2

What does “good” and “bad” refer to?

Answer 2

outcomes and consequences of behaviors

Question 3

What is the goal of ethics?

Answer 3

to protect the rights and needs of professions (or groups) when situations are not just black and white

Question 4

What is morality?

Answer 4

the operational side of ethics that provides a basis of right and wrong for application of ethics

Question 5

______ are practiced whereas _______ are known

Answer 5

ethics and morals

Question 6

What are the four ethical principles?

Answer 6

obligation, fairness, mercy, and duty

Question 7

What are the four processes that result in ethical behavior?

Answer 7

moral sensitivity, moral judgement, moral motivation, and moral character

Question 8

What are the three ethical theories?

Answer 8

normative ethics, metaethics, and applied ethics

Question 9

What theory is the study of moral standards, principles, concepts, values, and theories, and seeks to determine what is right or wrong to justify the standards for behavior?

Answer 9

normative ethics

Question 10

What theory is the study of the nature of moral standards, principles, values, and theories that explores the meaning of moral concepts and analyzes the moral reasoning?

Answer 10

metaethics

Question 11

What theory is the study of ethical dilemmas, choices, and standards of application in particular contexts, including occupations, professions, and situations?

Answer 11

applied ethics

Question 12

What is personal context?

Answer 12

the objective testing and questioning of personal values and ethics

Question 13

What are the five elements to personal ethics?

Answer 13

discretion, duty, honesty, loyalty, and respect

Question 14

What is social context?

Answer 14

involves how people relate to others based on the given circumstances, understanding a person’s history and environment before judging their actions

Question 15

What is the utilitarian approach?

Answer 15

human beings judge the morality of actions in terms of the consequences or the results of those actions

Question 16

What does the utilitarian approach want to achieve?

Answer 16

the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Question 17

What did Bentham focus on?

Answer 17

the concept of pleasure versus pain

Question 18

What did Mill focus on?

Answer 18

happiness versus unhappiness

Question 19

What are the four sanctions in the utilitarian approach?

Answer 19

physical, political, moral, and religious

Question 20

What is the deontological approach?

Answer 20

states that moral actions occur out of obligation and are judged based on the intention and motivation for the action

Question 21

What is duty?

Answer 21

an expression of free will to do the right thing even if no one is paying attention

Question 22

What are the two levels of deontological theory?

Answer 22

extreme or inconsequential and moderate

Question 23

What are maxims?

Answer 23

universally accepted and commanding laws

Question 24

What are the four levels of moral thinking?

Answer 24

• ideal decision making
• practical decision making
• reflective decision making
• political decision making

Question 25

What is existentialism?

Answer 25

focuses on an individual’s freedom to make choices without the influence of others

Question 26

What is intentionalism?

Answer 26

maintains that people possess free will and are accountable for their actions

Question 27

What is Rule 1?

Answer 27

inherent good > noninherent good

Question 28

What are inherent goods?

Answer 28

valuable objects, actions, or qualities such as life, liberty, justice, and happiness

Question 29

What are noninherent goods?

Answer 29

objects, actions, or qualities whose value depends on the ability to bring about intrinsic good such as money and loyalty

Question 30

What is Rule 2?

Answer 30

noninherent evil > inherent evil

Question 31

What is noninherent evil?

Answer 31

serves as a means for bringing about or maintaining harm but by itself is not directly harmful such as weapons and government

Question 32

What is inherent evil?

Answer 32

objects, actions, or qualities that are directly harmful such as death, slavery, or injustice

Question 33

What is Rule 3?

Answer 33

select the highest good or the lowest evil