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Spa Tech module 1 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

106 Skin

1
Q

which system of the body is made up of the skin,hair, nails, and glands?

A

Integumentary system

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2
Q

a reflex is defined as a:

A

reaction to a sensation

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3
Q

what is the technical name of the study of skin, including its structure, function, diseases and treatments?

A

Dermatology

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4
Q

The skin is comprised of three main layers that include the epidermis, dermis, and:

A

Subcutaneous

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5
Q

The epidermis is primarily composed of:

A

Keratinocytes

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6
Q

where does mitosis or cell division of the skin take place

A

Stratum basale

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7
Q

The stratum spinosum is often called the:

A

Prickle layer

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8
Q

The layer of the skin in which the cells are more regularly shaped and resemble many tiny granules is the:

A

Stratum granulosum

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9
Q

the stratum lucidum layer is found only on the:

A

soles of the feet and palms of hand

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10
Q

the layer of the epidermis that is shed and replaced continually is the:

A

stratum corneum

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11
Q

the deterioration of collagen and elastin fibers during the aging process causes:

A

wrinkles

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12
Q

eccrine glands are most abundant in all of the following areas EXCEPT:

A

underarm area

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13
Q

which glands are sac-like and attached to the hair follicle

A

sebaceous glands

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14
Q

which layer of the skin lies in the upper layer of the dermis and is rich in blood vessels and cappilaries

A

Papillary layer

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15
Q

what is formed when sebum produced by the glands mixes with the body’s perspiration?

A

Acid mantle

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16
Q

tiny openings that allow sweat or sebum to pass through the surface of the skin are called:

A

pores

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17
Q

which layer of the skin acts as a protective cushion to protect the bones and gives the body its contour and shape?

A

Subcutaneous layer

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18
Q

what is the pocket-like structure that holds the root and matrix of the nail?

A

mantle

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19
Q

what is the second layer of the three main layers of the skin?

A

dermis

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20
Q

mitosis (cell division) takes places in the granulosom layer

A

false

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21
Q

when a client senses pressure and vibration during a salon/spa treatment, which of the following mechanoreceptors is responsible?

A

merkel cells

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22
Q

all of the following examples are possible mechanical exfoliation methods except:

A

enzymes

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23
Q

during what stage of wound healing does epithelization (cell renewal) begin?

A

proliferation

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24
Q

the two glandsrelated to excretion process are apocrine and:

A

eccrine

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25
Q

what can an esthetician use to increase microcirculation in the skin?

A

electric mask

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26
Q

what does the body need in order to produce vitamin D

A

sunlight

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27
Q

Mary has a client with heart problems. How should she proceed?

A

use caution with massage pressure and extreme temperature changes

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28
Q

in the skin, the thicker the stratum corneum, the faster the rate of penetration

A

false

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29
Q

smoking and alcohol are examples of what type of aging?

A

extrinsic aging

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30
Q

the 5 steps that are recommended daily to ensure healthy skin are cleanse, tone, treat, moisturize, and:

A

protect

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31
Q

which of the following steps would occur first when performing a daily skin care regimen?

A

remove makeup

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32
Q

toning the skin should be performed:

A

twice daily

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33
Q

a clay mask is beneficial for which skin condition?

A

oily, acne prone skin

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34
Q

all of the following are primary ways that products are adsorbed into the skin EXCEPT:

A

through the arrector pili muscle

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35
Q

what are the two layers of the skin’s permeability barrier?

A

acid mantle and stratum corneum

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36
Q

the removal of dead skin to stimulate new cell growth is known as

A

exfoliation

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37
Q

which of the following is the number one factor in extrinsic aging

A

amount of sun exposure

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38
Q

which extrinsic factor causes damage to the skin by inducing oxidative stress that results in free radical damage?

A

pollutants

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39
Q

which of the following imbalance effects on the skin is caused by testosterone?

A

increased facial hair

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40
Q

which of the following is NOT a lifestyle factor that may affect the skin?

A

hormones

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41
Q

all of the following are biological effects of poor sleep EXCEPT:

A

decreased skin discoloration

42
Q

large swings in humidity levels affect the amount of water loss in stratum

A

corneum

43
Q

a benign growth that is small skin colored or brown-pigmented spot that may be raised and its symmetrical is known as an acquired nevus or:

A

Milia

44
Q

a congenital failure of the skin to form melanin pigment is:

A

albinism

45
Q

a condition in which a person compulsively picks and squeezes at their acne lesions, causing scabs and scars, is known as

A

acne excoride

46
Q

an open follicle with a black surface plug that has been oxidized is called as:

A

blackhead

47
Q

an open comedo is the technical name for:

A

blackhead

48
Q

which of the following is a harmless sebaceous cyst

A

steatoma

49
Q

an important component of skin is a protein substance called:

A

keratin

50
Q

which secondary lesion is a dried mass that is the remains of an oozing sore?

A

crust

51
Q

which of the following terms is another name for a keratoma?

A

callus

52
Q

a linear split/line in the epidermis or dermis that often occurs when skin loses its flexibility due to exposure to wind, cold and water is a:

A

fissure

53
Q

what is actinic keratosis

A

pre-malignant growth

54
Q

small dark bumps that usually appear on the face and neck and tend to affect people with darker skin is known as:

A

dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN)

55
Q

the term used to describe any hyperpigmentation caused by overactivity of the melanocytes in the epidermis is called:

A

Albinism

56
Q

which of the following epidermal layers haver intercellular connections that provide strength and support between cells?

A

stratum spinosum

57
Q

fingerprints are formed by:

A

epidermal ridges

58
Q

a flat discoloration appearing on the skin’s surface less than 1 cm (about 1/2 inch) with no change in texture to the skin is called:

A

macule

59
Q

when the formation of the epidermal cells is rapid or the normal process of keratinization is altered, abnormal exfoliation of the epidermis occurs. what secondary skin lesion is a result?

A

scales

60
Q

yellow flat papules or plaques commonly found around the eyes and on the eyelids caused by abnormal lipid accumulation in the macrophage cells is known as:

A

xanthoma

61
Q

susan is a client who needs to use a moisturizer to help hydrate and smooth her skin. When should she apply the moisturizer during her daily skin care regimen?

A

after toner and serum

62
Q

how long before sun exposure should sunscreen be applied?

A

15 mins before

63
Q

high altitude requires lower level of SPF protection daily

A

false

64
Q

primary skin lesions are changes in the structure of the skin during:

A

the early stages of development

65
Q

what is a small elevation of the skin, usually inflammatory, that does not contain pus?

A

papule

66
Q

a client has vesicles around her chin area. what should you do?

A

avoid treatment

67
Q

which layer of the skin gives skin its elastic quality?

A

dermis layer

68
Q

all of the following structures and appendages make up the dermis EXCEPT:

A

connective tissue

69
Q

when we measure the pH of the skin, we are actually measuring the pH of the:

A

acid mantle

70
Q

under normal circumstances it takes how long for a fingernail to replace itself

A

4 to 6 months

71
Q

which touch receptors are responsible for sensations of pressure, vibrations, movement and texture?

A

mechanoreceptors

72
Q

what is the term that refers to factors that are influenced by genetics and hormones

A

intrinsic aging

73
Q

adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer insulates the body, which is known as:

A

thermoregulation

74
Q

which of the following skin functions is referred to as detoxification?

A

excretion

75
Q

the outermost layer of the skin is known as the:

A

epidermal layer

76
Q

smoking is known to cause:

A

increased wrinkling

77
Q

there are no blood vessels in which of the following skin layer?

A

epidermis layer

78
Q

antigens provoke a:

A

immune response

79
Q

andrew is having his son’s fingerprints recorded today as a tool to be used if his son is ever lost. fingerprints are made possible by which layer of the skin?

A

stratum lucidum

80
Q

all of the following conditions show signs of sleep deprivation except:

A

increased cell renewal and repair

81
Q

the vitamin that protects against UV damage and slows signs of aging is:

A

vitamin A

82
Q

Caitlyn is a client that has small elevations of skin similar to vesicles in size and shape contain pus. which of the following primary lesions describes Caitlyn’s conditions?

A

pustules

83
Q

the first stage of wound healing is:

A

hemostasis

84
Q

all of the following statements are true about melanocytes EXCEPT:

A

originate from bone marrow

85
Q

eighty percent of facial aging is causes by cumulative UV exposure referred to as:

A

photo aging

86
Q

which of the followoing terms is the first line of defense in the skin’s barrier?

A

acid mantke

87
Q

the chemical conversion of living cells into dead protein is known as:

A

keratinization’s

88
Q

which is the following terms being an example of thermoregulation

A

vasoconstriction

89
Q

the skin’s natural shedding of the stratum corneum (horny layer) is:

A

desquamation

90
Q

what is the term that describes the absorption process that allows some molecules to pass through the skin?

A

transdermal penetration

91
Q

all of the following factors affect skin absorption EXCEPT:

A

conditions of thermoreceptors

92
Q

all of the following statements about verruca are true EXCEPT:

A

thickening of the dermis

93
Q

an infection in the hair follicles caused by bacteria, shaving or clothing irritation is known as:

A

folliculitis

94
Q

what common skin cancer tends to appear translucent, have irregular borders and tiny blood vessels running through it?

A

basal cell carcinoma

95
Q

what is the technical term for a lack of pigmentation of the skin caused by decrease in activity of melanocytes?

A

leukoderma

96
Q

white, enclosed keratin-filled cysts which form a hard ball beneath the outer layer of the skin is known as:

A

milia

97
Q

persons exposed to excessive heat may develop small red vesicles with burning and itching of the skin called prickly heat or:

A

miliaria rubra

98
Q

what vascular disorder appears as thread-like, red lines or patterns on the skin cause by widened blood vessels?

A

telangiectasia

99
Q

which of the following types of acne is mild and consists of open and closed comedones scattered over less than half of the areas of the face and back?

A

grade 1

100
Q

a common, harmless skin condition that causes dres, rough patches and tiny bumps on the upper arms, thighs, cheeks or buttocks is called:

A

keratosis pilaries

Spa Tech module 1 (1 decks)

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