Module 1 Flashcards
Cloud Concepts Overview
is the on-demand delivery of compute power, database, storage, applications, and other IT resources via the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing.
Cloud Computing
enables you to stop thinking of your infrastructure as hardware, and instead think of (and use) it as software.
Cloud Computing
infrastructure is thought of as hardware.
Traditional Computing Model
Hardware solutions:
*Require space, staff, physical security, planning, capital expenditure
*Have a long hardware procurement cycle
*Require you to provision capacity by guessing theoretical maximum peaks
Traditional Computing Model
Infrastructure as software
Cloud Computing Model
Software solutions:
*Are flexible
*Can change more quickly, easily, and cost-effectively than hardware solutions
*Eliminate the undifferentiated heavy-lifting tasks
Cloud Computing Model
Three main Cloud Service Models
IaaS (infrastructure as a service)
PaaS (platform as a service)
SaaS (software as a service)
provides you with the highest level of flexibility and management control over your IT resources.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
It is the most similar to existing IT resources that many IT departments and developers are familiar with today
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Services in this category are the basic building blocks for cloud IT and typically provide you with access to networking features, computers (virtual or on dedicated hardware), and data storage space.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Services in this category reduce the need for you to manage the underlying infrastructure (usually hardware and operating systems) and enable you to focus on the deployment and management of your applications.
Platform as a service (PaaS)
enable you to focus on the deployment and management of your applications.
Platform as a service (PaaS):
Services in this category provide you with a completed product that the service provider runs and manages.
Software as a service (SaaS)
refers to end-user applications.
Software as a service (SaaS)
A common example of ___ web-based email, where you can send and receive email without managing feature additions to the email product or maintaining the servers and operating systems that the email program runs on.
Software as a service (SaaS)
Cloud computing deployment models
Cloud
Hybrid
On-premises (private cloud)
is fully deployed in the cloud, and all parts of the application run in the cloud.
cloud-based application
Applications in the cloud have either been created in the cloud or have been migrated from an existing infrastructure to take advantage of the benefits of cloud computing
True
___ can be built on low-level infrastructure pieces or they can use higher-level services that provide abstraction from the management, architecting, and scaling requirements of core infrastructure.
Cloud-based applications
is a way to connect infrastructure and applications between cloud-based resources and existing resources that are not located in the cloud.
hybrid deployment
The most common method of ___ is between the cloud and existing on-premises infrastructure.
hybrid deployment
This model enables an organization to extend and grow their infrastructure into the cloud while connecting cloud resources to internal systems.
Hybrid
Deploying resources on-premises, using virtualization and resource management tools, is sometimes called
private cloud
This deployment model is the same as legacy IT infrastructure, but it might also use application management and virtualization technologies to increase resource utilization.
On-premises (private cloud)
AWS security groups, network access control lists (network ACLs), and AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) are similar to
firewalls, access control lists (ACLs), and administrators.
Elastic Load Balancing and Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) are similar to
routers, network pipelines, and switches.
Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances are similar to
on-premises servers.
Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS), Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS), Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), and Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) are similar to
direct attached storage (DAS), storage area networks (SAN), network attached storage (NAS), and a relational database management service (RDBMS).
is the on-demand delivery of IT resources via the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing.
Cloud computing
enables you to think of (and use) your infrastructure as software.
cloud computing
six advantages of cloud computing
*Trade capital expense for variable expense
*Massive economies of scale
*Stop guessing capacity
*Increase speed and agility
*Stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers
*Go global in minutes
Data center investment based on forecast
Pay only for the amount you consume
Trade capital expense for variable expense
are funds that a company uses to acquire, upgrade, and maintain physical assets such as property, industrial buildings, or equipment.
Capital expenses (capex)
is an expense that the person who bears the cost can easily alter or avoid.
a variable expense
It also enables you to adapt to new applications with as much space as you need in minutes, instead of weeks or days. Maintenance is reduced, so you can spend focus more on the core goals of your business.
Trade capital expense for variable expense
Because of aggregate usage from all customers, AWS can achieve higher economies of scale and pass savings on to customers.
Benefit from massive economies of scale
By using cloud computing, you can achieve a lower variable cost than you can get on your own.
Benefit from massive economies of scale
Because usage from hundreds of thousands of customers is aggregated in the cloud, providers such as AWS can achieve higher economies of scale, which translates into lower pay-as-you-go prices.
Benefit from massive economies of scale
Eliminate guessing about your infrastructure capacity needs. When you make a capacity decision before you deploy an application, you often either have expensive idle resources or deal with limited capacity.
Stop guessing capacity
You can access as much or as little as you need, and scale up and down as required with only a few minutes’ notice.
Stop guessing capacity
Overestimated server capacity / Underestimated server capacity
Scaling on demand
Stop guessing capacity
In a cloud computing environment, new IT resources are only a click away, which means that you reduce the time it takes to make those resources available to your developers from weeks to just minutes. The result is a dramatic increase in agility for the organization because the cost and time that it takes to experiment and develop are significantly lower
Increase speed and agility
Focus on projects that differentiate your business instead of focusing on the infrastructure. Cloud computing enables you to focus on your own customers instead of the heavy lifting of racking, stacking, and powering servers.
Stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers
You can deploy your application in multiple AWS Regions around the world with just a few clicks. As a result, you can provide a lower latency and better experience for your customers simply and at minimal cost.
Go global in minutes
is any piece of software that makes itself available over the internet or on private (intranet) networks.
web service
uses a standardized format—such as Extensible Markup Language (XML) or JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)—for the request and the response of an application programming interface (API) interaction.
web service
It is not tied to any one operating system or programming language.
web service
It’s self-describing via an interface definition file and it is discoverable.
web service
is a secure cloud platform that offers a broad set of global cloud-based products.
AWS
provides you with on-demand access to compute, storage, network, database, and other IT resources and management tools.
AWS
offers flexibility.
AWS
You pay only for the individual services you need, for as long as you use them
AWS
work together like building blocks.
AWS services
You want complete control over your AWS computing resources
Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute)
You want to run your code and not manage or provision servers
AWS Lambda
You want a service that deploys, manages, and scales your web applications for you
AWS Elastic Beanstalk
You need a lightweight cloud platform for a simple web application
Amazon Lightsail
You need to run hundreds of thousands of batch workloads
AWS Batch
You want to run AWS infrastructure in your on-premises data center
AWS Outposts
You want to run highly secure, reliable, and scalable containers
Amazon ECS (Elastic Container Service)
You want to start, run, and scale Kubernetes
Amazon EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service)
You want to implement a containers or microservices architecture
AWS Fargate
You have an on-premises server virtualization platform that you want to migrate to AWS
VMware Cloud on AWS
In computing, a __ can be a web browser or desktop application that a person interacts with to make requests to computer servers.
client
A ___ can be services, such as Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) – a type of virtual server.
server
*Amazon EC2
*AWS Lambda
*AWS Elastic Beanstalk
*Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling
*Amazon ECS
*Amazon EKS
*Amazon ECR
*AWS Fargate
Compute services
*AWS IAM
*Amazon Cognito
*AWS Shield
*AWS Artifact
*AWS KMS
Security, Identity, and Compliance services
*Amazon S3
*Amazon S3 Glacier
*Amazon EFS
*Amazon EBS
Storage services
*Amazon RDS
*Amazon DynamoDB
*Amazon Redshift
*Amazon Aurora
Database services
*Amazon VPC
*Amazon Route 53
*Amazon CloudFront
*Elastic Load Balancing
Networking and Content Delivery services
*AWS Trusted Advisor
*AWS CloudWatch
*AWS CloudTrail
*AWS Well-Architected Tool
*AWS Auto Scaling
*AWS Command Line Interface
*AWS Config
*AWS Management Console
*AWS Organizations
Management and Governance services
*AWS Cost & Usage Report
*AWS Budgets
*AWS Cost Explorer
AWS Cost Management services
Three ways to interact with AWS
AWS Management Console
Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)
Software Development Kits (SDKs)
easy-to-use graphical interface
AWS Management Console
access to services by discrete commands or scripts
Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)
access services directly from your code (such as Java, Python, and others)
Software Development Kits (SDKs)
All three options (CLI, SDKs, Console) are built on a common REST-like API that serves as the foundation of AWS.
True
is a secure cloud platform that offers a broad set of global cloud-based products called services that are designed to work together.
AWS
provides guidance and best practices to help organizations build a comprehensive approach to cloud computing across the organization and throughout the IT lifecycle to accelerate successful cloud adoption.
AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF)
is organized into six perspectives.
AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF)
consist of sets of capabilities.
Perspectives
span people, processes, and technology.
Perspectives
Each perspective consists of a set of __ , which covers distinct responsibilities that are owned or managed by functionally related stakeholders.
capabilities
within each perspective are used to identify which areas of an organization require attention.
Capabilities
_____ perspectives focus on business capabilities
Business, People, and Governance
___ perspectives focus on technical capabilities
Platform, Security, and Operations
We must ensure that ITis aligned with business needs, and that IT investments can be traced to demonstrable business results.
- Business managers, finance managers, budget owners, and strategy stakeholders
Business perspective
We must prioritize training, staffing, and organizational changes to build an agile organization.
- Human resources, staffing, and people managers
People perspective
We must ensure that skills and processes align IT strategy and goals with business strategy and goals so the organization can maximize the business value of its IT investment and minimize business risks.
- CIO (Chief Information Officer), program managers, enterprise architects, business analysts, and portfolio managers
Governance perspective
We must understand and communicate the nature of IT systems and their relationships. We must be able to describe the architecture of the target state environment in detail.
- CTO (Chief Technology Officer), IT managers, and solutions architects
Platform perspective
We must ensure that the organization meets its security objectives.
- CISO (Chief Information Security Officer), IT security managers, and IT security analysts
Security perspective
We align with and support the operations of the business, and define how day-to-day, quarter-to-quarter, and year-to-year business will be conducted.
- IT operations managers and IT support managers
Operations perspective
is not instantaneous for most organizations and requires a thoughtful, deliberate strategy and alignment across the whole organization.
Cloud adoption
was created to help organizations develop efficient and effective plans for their cloud adoption journey.
The AWS CAF
consist of sets of business or technology capabilities that are the responsibility of key stakeholders.
Perspectives
can be launched on-demand when needed.
Amazon EC2 instances
includes principles for implementing new solutions and migrating on-premises workloads to the cloud.
Platform perspective
helps you to move from a model that separates business and IT strategies into a business model that integrates IT strategy.
Business perspective
focuses on operating and recovering IT workloads to meet the requirements of your business stakeholders.
Operations perspective
helps Human Resources (HR) employees prepare their teams for cloud adoption by updating organizational processes and staff skills to include cloud-based competencies.
People perspective
ensures that IT aligns with business needs and that IT investments link to key business results.
Business perspective
Use to create a strong business case for cloud adoption and prioritize cloud adoption initiatives. Ensure that your business strategies and goals align with your IT strategies and goals.
Business Perspective
Business managers
Finance managers
Budget owners
Strategy stakeholders
Business Perspective
supports development of an organization-wide change management strategy for successful cloud adoption.
People Perspective
Human resources
Staffing
People managers
People Perspective
to evaluate organizational structures and roles, new skill and process requirements, and identify gaps. This helps prioritize training, staffing, and organizational changes.
People Perspective
focuses on the skills and processes to align IT strategy with business strategy. This ensures that you maximize the business value and minimize risks.
Governance Perspective
to understand how to update the staff skills and processes necessary to ensure business governance in the cloud. Manage and measure cloud investments to evaluate business outcomes.
Governance Perspective
Chief Information Officer (CIO)
Program managers
Enterprise architects
Business analysts
Portfolio managers
Governance Perspective
includes principles and patterns for implementing new solutions on the cloud, and migrating on-premises workloads to the cloud.
Platform Perspective
to understand and communicate the structure of IT systems and their relationships. Describe the architecture of the target state environment in detail.
Platform Perspective
Chief Technology Officer (CTO)
IT managers
Solutions architects
Platform Perspective
ensures that the organization meets security objectives for visibility, auditability, control, and agility.
Security Perspective
to structure the selection and implementation of security controls that meet the organization’s needs.
Security Perspective
Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)
IT security managers
IT security analysts
Security Perspective
helps you to enable, run, use, operate, and recover IT workloads to the level agreed upon with your business stakeholders.
Operations Perspective
Define how day-to-day, quarter-to-quarter, and year-to-year business is conducted. Align with and support the operations of the business. The AWS CAF helps these stakeholders define current operating procedures and identify the process changes and training needed to implement successful cloud adoption.
Operations Perspective
IT operations managers
IT support managers
Operations Perspective
Why is AWS more economical than traditional data centers for applications with varying compute workloads?
Amazon EC2 instances can be launched on-demand when needed.
