Module 1 Flashcards
Chemical
The building blocks of the human body (e.x Atoms )
Cellular
CellularBasic structural and functional units of the body (e.x Cardiac muscles cells)
Tissue
Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform a particular function. 4 major classes: Epithelial,Connective, Muscle, Nerve ( e.x Cardiac muscles )
Organ
Organs are structures with specific functions composed of two or more types of tissue (e.x Heart)
System
A system consists of related organs with a common function. (e.x Cardiovascular)
Human body
All the parts of the body function together to constitute a living organism. ( e.x person)
Integumentary (Skin)
3 layers of skin ( Epidermis, Dermis, Hyper dermis )
The epidermis protects the deeper tissues, the dermis provides nutrients Muscular system
Muscular
controls entrances and exits to our body through mouth, anus those types of areas etc.
Produce heat: shivering, Support: skeleton, Protect: soft tissues
Tendon - a muscle joining to a bone
Provides support and positioning of the axial skeleton
Skeletal
Bones, cartilage and joints
Protects brain and spinal cord, sense organs, and soft tissues of thorax
Supports body weight over lower limbs
Red Haematopoietic - makes red blood cells in flat bones
Yellow - Store of the fat cells
Central Nervous System
Brain: Controls voluntary and involuntary activities
Spinal cord: Performs less complex integrative activities (reflex arc)
Peripheral Nervous system(PNS)
Links the CNS with other systems and sense organs
Epithelial
Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, tubes, cavities and ducts; forms glands
Protection; filtration; secretion; absorption; excretion
Connective
Cells in a matrix of fibres and ground substance (includes bone and blood)
Protects and supports; binds organs together; stores energy; transport (blood)
Muscle
Contractile cells (muscle fibres)
Movement
Nervous
Conducting nerve cells and supportive neuroglia
Detects changes and generates nerve impulses
Features of epithelial tissue
Selective barriers (limit or aid transfer)
Kidney, the lining parts filter the urine and that barrier is formed by epithelium
Secretory (onto a free surface)
Protective (especially from abrasion)
Tight junctions
They form a seal and they join them to other proteins (claudins & occludins). There’s a lot in areas where there a strong link with liquid things such as the stomach, intestines or bladder
Adherens junctions
The belt junction doesn’t bring the two layers of the membrane as close together as a tight junction; instead it leaves a gap where proteins span that gap.
Has plaque
Desmosomes (button)
It’s the binding and joining of keratin from different cells of keratin molecules.
In a criss crossing pattern
Gap junctions (coordination)
The six connexins lock together and open up the hemichannel, and small molecules go through it to form proteins. The channels will determine the control of what goes between the different cells.
Hemidesmosomes
The cells are close to the basement membrane and able to lock themselves down onto that. The protein integrin spans the gap between the plague and the basement membrane.
Cytoskeleton
provides structure to the cell
Microfilaments (brown)
Actin (protein monomer)
Sit below the surface membrane
Intermediate filaments (purple)
Keratin
Provides structural strength
