Module 1

Question 1

Olfactory Nerve (NI):

Answer 1

Sensory: Sense of Smell
Connects To: Telencephalon

Question 2

Optic Nerve (NII):

Answer 2

Sensory: Vision
Connects To: Diencephalon, more specifically the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the thalamus.

Question 3

Oculomotor Nerve (NIII):

Answer 3

Function: Controls most of the eye muscles, including those that move the eyeball and control the size of the pupil.
Connects to: Mesencephalon

Eye movements, Pupil.

Question 4

Trochlear Nerve (NIV)

Answer 4

Function: Primarily responsible for the movement of the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which helps with downward and outward eye movement.

Connects to: Mesencephalon

Eye movements

Question 5

Trigeminal Nerve (NV):

Answer 5

Function: The largest cranial nerve with three main branches (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular). It is involved in sensory functions for the face, as well as motor functions for chewing.

Connects To: Pons

Sensory from face

Question 6

Abducens Nerve (NVI):

Answer 6

Function: Controls the lateral rectus muscle, which moves the eye laterally (abduction).

Connects To: Pons

Eye movement

Question 7

Facial Nerve (NVII):

Answer 7

Function: Involved in facial movements, taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and control of salivary and lacrimal glands.

Connects To: Pons

Muscles of facial expression

Question 8

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (NVIII):

Answer 8

Function: Divided into the vestibular nerve (responsible for balance and spatial orientation) and the cochlear nerve (responsible for hearing).

Connects to: Pons and medulla oblongata

Hearing/Balance

Question 9

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (NIX):

Answer 9

Function: Involved in the sensation of the posterior one-third of the tongue, swallowing, and control of the parotid gland.

Connects To: Medulla oblongata

Taste

Question 10

Vagus Nerve (NX):

Answer 10

Function: Has a wide range of functions, including control of the heart rate, respiratory rate, digestive processes, and various involuntary muscles in the abdominal and thoracic regions.

Connects To: Medulla oblongata

Autonomic

Question 11

Accessory Nerve (NXI):

Answer 11

Function: Primarily controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, contributing to head movement and shoulder elevation.

Connects To: Medulla oblongata and spinal cord

Neck Movements

Question 12

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII):

Answer 12

Function: Controls the muscles of the tongue, playing a crucial role in speech and swallowing.

Connects To: Medulla oblongata

Tongue Movements

Question 13

Gross anatomical subdivion of the cerebellum

Answer 13

1. Two bi-lateral homogenous hemispheres. Which connects to the forebrain.
2. The vermis separates the two cerebellar hemisphere from each other. Connectivity: Receives input from the spinal cord.
3. Flocculonodular lobe: Input from inner ear which helps control balance.

Question 14

Vermis

Answer 14

A cerbellum sub division which sepperates the two cerbellum hemispheres. Connectivity to the spinal cord.

Question 15

Dorsal Horn

Answer 15

The dorsal horn is a gray matter structure in the spinal cord consisting of sensory neurons. Receiving an afferent signal from the PNS.

Located in the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord (towards the back).

(think of it as a door into the CNS)

Question 16

Ventral Horn

Answer 16

The ventral horn is a gray matter area located ventrally (towards the belly) in the spinal cord. This is where we efferent motor signals innervate muscles in the PNS.

Question 17

Name all of the cranial nerves located in the telencephalon

Answer 17

Olfactory Nerve (NI)

Question 18

Name all of the cranial nerves located in the mesencephalon

Answer 18

Oculomotor Nerve (NIII) & Trochlear Nerve (NIV)

Both are involved with the movement of the eyes.

Question 19

Name all of the cranial nerves located in the diencephalon

Answer 19

Optic Nerve (NII)

Sensory Nerve which faciliates vision. Terminates in the LGN of Thalamus

Question 20

Name all of the cranial nerves located in the Pons

Answer 20

Trigeminal Nerve (NV), Sensory Face
Abducens Nerve (NVI), Eye Movement
Facial Nerve (NVII), Motor & Sensory of the face.
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (NVIII): Hearing & Balance (also connected to the Medulla)

Question 21

Name all of the cranial nerves located in the Medulla Oblongata

Answer 21

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (NVIII): Hearing & Balance (also connected to the Pons)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (NIX): Taste
Vagus Nerve (NX): Autonomic
Accessory Nerve (NXI): Neck movement
Hypoglossal Nerve (NXII): Tongue Movement