MODULE 1 Flashcards
a device that you can describe to be a combination of
electromechanical and electronic components. It does three things: accepts
structured input processes according to prescribed rules and produces the
result as output,
Computer
Instructions and data are stored in the computer in
machine-readable form to enable the processing of data electronically, a
process more commonly known as
electronic data processing (EDP)
(EDP)
electronic data processing
The purpose of a computer system is to convert data into information. A
computer system is a combination of six elements. These are:
- Hardware
- Software
- Data/Information
- Procedures
- People
- Communications
are said to be the largest and most powerful among computers. A
supercomputer is a term to mean the biggest of these mainframes. Usually,
these are found only in large corporate institutions, organizations dealing in
research, some government agencies, and even tertiary institutions.
Mainframes
also referred to as thin clients, are called dumb terminals
sometimes. The mainframe does all the processing while users input
commands or data and remotely access the mainframe. You can download the
requested information from the mainframe, thus the term dumb terminals, since
there is little computing capacity done on their own.
Network computer
Network computer
also called
dumb terminals
users refer to it as desktop computers. It is composed of
different peripherals such as mouse, keyboard, CPU, display unit, and installed
with software application packages.
Personal computers
Personal computers
also called
Desktop Computers
belongs to the category of personal computers comprised of an
integrated circuit and is commonly called a notebook computer. It has a
touchpad for pointing and clicking instead of a mouse. The screen is on the lid.
A separate speaker is also not needed for audio.
Laptop
Laptop also called
notebook computer
is a mobile gadget, typically with a mobile operating system, a
rechargeable battery in a single thin package, and a touchscreen display
processing circuitry.
Tablets and Smartphones
the four essential functions of a computer
system are
input, process, output, and storage.
Capabilities of Computers
Computers can perform arithmetic and logical operations.
Computers can store or remember a vast amount and variety of
information and retrieve or recall the information needed almost
instantly.
Computers can handle large volumes of repetitive tasks accurately over
long periods
Computers can communicate with their operators and other machines
in the form of printed output or messages
Computers are capable of remote processing.
Limitations of Computers
Computers are still subject to human direction and control. They can
only function when users provide input data and the necessary
instructions to process the information.
Computers can detect but generally cannot correct an inaccurate entry
on their own.
Computers are subject to occasional breakdown or computer
malfunctions
John Napier invents
Napier’s bones
Who invented Napier’s bones
John Napier
a manual computing invention for calculating number quotas. (from 1-9 specifically)
Napier’s bones
made the first mechanical computer, using a mechanism called ‘toothed wheels’. His computer was called the Computer clock because the mechanism used was the same that was used in watches back in the old days.
Wilhelm Shickard
first mechanical computer, using a mechanism called ‘toothed wheels’.
Computer clock
invented the barometer— a computational machine he made for his father to help him calculate taxes.
Blaise Pascal
Blaise Pascal what he invented?
barometer
Pascal’s calculator (Pascaline)
device could perform basic arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction using wheels numbered from zero to nine.
barometer
perfected the binary system
Gottfried Leibniz
Gottfried Leibniz
binary system
continued Pascal’s work and created a more advanced computational device capable of performing multiplication through repeated assembly (repeated addition, subtraction or any other operation basically)
Gottfried Leibniz
used a perforated paper loop in a weaving war to reproduce a template on a fabric.
Basile Bouchon
Basile Bouchon
used a perforated paper loop in a weaving war to reproduce a template on a fabric.
Bouchon’s collaborator, improved his invention by creating a semi-automatic weaver which used perforated cards that are caught together.
Jean-Baptiste Falcon
Jean-Baptiste Falcon
Bouchon’s collaborator, improved his invention by creating a semi-automatic weaver which used perforated cards that are caught together.
conducts his lightning and kite experiment to prove a connection between lightning and electricity.
Benjamin Franklin
invented the first semi-automatic weaving war using the concept of punching cards to weave patterns onto a canvas. This invention becomes the substratum for programmable machines.
Joseph Marie Jacquard
Joseph Marie Jacquard
invented the first semi-automatic weaving war using the concept of punching cards to weave patterns onto a canvas. This invention becomes the substratum for programmable machines.
Created the electric dynamite, which is able to obtain and store electricity in a practical way.
Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday
Created the electric dynamite, which is able to obtain and store electricity in a practical way.
Designed the analytical engine, which was a complex general-purpose mechanical computer
Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage
Designed the analytical engine, which was a complex general-purpose mechanical computer
Published the article called “An Investigation into the Law of Thought”, which p much led to boolean algebra and created the groundwork for a new kind of logic, mathematical logic, it was called.
George Boole
George Boole
Published the article called “An Investigation into the Law of Thought”, which p much led to boolean algebra and created the groundwork for a new kind of logic, mathematical logic, it was called.
Introduced Boolean Algebra to the US.
Introduced the concept of Inductive reasoning, mathematical induction and logical inference
Charles Sanders Pierce
Charles Sanders Pierce
Introduced Boolean Algebra to the US.
Introduced the concept of Inductive reasoning, mathematical induction and logical inference
The process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known to be true
Logical inference
Logical inference
The process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known to be true
“iNvEnTeD” the light bulb.
Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan
The first power generation station was opened on
pearl street, lower manhattan in New York
pearl street, lower manhattan in New York, 1882
The first power generation station was opened on
Created the mechanical tabs that used perforated holes to calculate the census of the US,
Herman Hollerith
Herman Hollerith
Created the mechanical tabs that used perforated holes to calculate the census of the US,
(1924)Hollerith’s company joins with other companies to form
IBM corporation
IBM corporation
International Business Machine corporation
invents cars named after him. Apparently they are capable of performing mathematical problems based on arithmetic procedure.
Alan Turing
will eventually be the base for modern computers.
Turing machines
created the first digital electronic computer with help from Clifford Berry
John V. Atanasoff & Clifford Berry
ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
the first fully programmable digital computer
British Colossus Computer
British Colossus Computer
the first fully programmable digital computer
British Colossus Computer invented by
Tommy Flower
architecture where input device stores data in the CPU wherein it is regulated by the Control Unit and the Arithmetic Logic Unit into and out of the memory unit to be displayed through the output device.
Von Neumann Architecture
A renowned mathematician and computer pioneer, talks about the ability of a computer to store programs on the logical design of an electronic tool.
Most modern computers are modeled off his architecture
John Von Neumann
John Von Neumann
created Von Neumann Architecture
Designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania
ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer made by who?
Designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania
was the first general purpose PC that could be reprogrammed to solve different kinds of problems.
ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
first pc that was made with the binary system
Baby
the first commercial-data processing machine
UNIVAC1 (Universal Automatic Computer)
UNIVAC1 (Universal Automatic Computer) made by who?
John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert
founded CDC
Seymour Cray and William Noris
CDC
(Control Data Corporation)
invents the first transistor
Bell Labs
Bell Labs
invents the first transistor
invent the first game called Spacewar!
Stephen Russel, Martin Graetz and Wayne Wiitanen
Stephen Russel, Martin Graetz and Wayne Wiitanen
invent the first game called Spacewar!
invent the mouse
Douglas Engelbart and Bill Englis
Douglas Engelbart and Bill Englis
invent the mouse
becomes the fastest computer
CDC 6600
Designs a new communication network called ARPANET
-Paul Baran
-Paul Baran
Designs a new communication network called ARPANET
ARPANET
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
Provides three services- Remote login, file transfer protocol and remote printing.
ARPANET
Create the TCP Transmission Control Protocol to replace the NCP (Network Control Protocol) used by ARPANET
Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn
Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn
Create the TCP Transmission Control Protocol to replace the NCP (Network Control Protocol) used by ARPANET
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
NCP
(Network Control Protocol)
the first Computer with graphical interface
Xerox Alto
Xerox Alto created by
Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn
an 8-bit processor with a 14-bit memory capable of processing 16 kb of ram
8008 processor
was a microcomputer that was sold as a kit to build a computer at home
Altair 8800
First PC to be successfully sold.
Altair 8800
