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DRRR MOD 1-6 (Q4 '24-25) > Module 1-14 > Flashcards

Module 1-14 Flashcards

AWA NA LANG PO

1
Q

It is defined as the movement of rock debris or earth down the slope.

A

LANDSLIDE

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2
Q

Extreme natural events in the crust of the earth that pose a threat to life and
property.

A

GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS

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3
Q

A type of rock that dissolve and cause a sinkhole

A

LIMESTONE

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4
Q

A type of landslide which comes with water in it so aside from debris and rocks it also has water due to heavy RAINFALL.

A

Rainfall-induced landslide

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5
Q

Factors affecting sinkhole and landslide

A

RAIN

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6
Q

Natural occurring geological hazards below the surface that collapse eventually some geologist called it “karst terrain”

A

SINKHOLE

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7
Q

it is the** most common sinkhole **it formed when the soil is **very thin on the surface **and exposing the bedrock once it starts to rain the soil are
carried out and eventually leaving a hole.

A

SOLUTION SINKHOLE

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8
Q

most dangerous type of all the sinkholes happened when water penetrates in the topsoil going to the limestone and dissolve it eventually until the surface collapse.

A

COVER COLLAPSE SINKHOLE

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9
Q

most common with a surface that semi-permeable for example is sand when the limestone is dissolved below the surface due to rain particles are eventually moved downward to replace the space of a limestone.

A

Cover subsidence sinkhole

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10
Q

Any seismic activities or vibration on the earth’s crust
can disrupt the force of friction that holds the sediment in incline place or slope.

A

EARTHQUAKE
- NATURAL CAUSE OF LANDSLIDES

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11
Q

Intense rain weakens the friction of the bedrock and the sediments and it will carry some debris together with water downhill

A

Heavy rainfall
- NATURAL CAUSE OF LANDSLIDES

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12
Q

Volcanoes ash deposit are prone to erosion and when it mixes with water it will create a lahar or a mudflow landslides

A

Volcanic eruption
- NATURAL CAUSE OF LANDSLIDES

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12
Q

It is a large destructive fire that happens in the forest,
woodland or brushes it cause landslide because when the plants are gone it makes
the soil unstable because plant act as a glue to make the soil intact and not loosen

A

Wildfire
- NATURAL CAUSE OF LANDSLIDES

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13
Q

Method of timber harvesting that completely removes the trees to the place that act as a binder to the soil

A

Clear cutting
- HUMAN CAUSE OF LANDSLIDES

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14
Q

Destroy the bedrock and weakens the foundation of the soil promoting vulnerability of critical slopes
CLUE: M, C, DE

A

Mining, Construction, deep excavation
- HUMAN CAUSE OF LANDSLIDES

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15
Q

The steeper the slope the more it is prone in landslides

A

Influence of slope
- OTHER CAUSES OF LANDSLIDES

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16
Q

The characteristic of rock can cause landslide for example if the rocks in the place are composed of clay, mica, calcite, and gypsum this place is prone to landslides because these rocks are prone in weathering.

A

Lithology
- OTHER CAUSES OF LANDSLIDES

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17
Q

The vibration of the earth’s crust can cause breaking of rocks resulting in the groundwater to penetrate and dissolving the mineral

A

Earthquake
- NATURAL CAUSE OF SINKHOLE

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18
Q

Dissolving the minerals in the rock resulting for creating a crack or gap

A

Water
- NATURAL CAUSE OF SINKHOLE

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19
Q

Lowering the amount of groundwater causes a loss of support in the soft material resulting in a collapse

A

Groundwater
- NATURAL CAUSE OF SINKHOLE

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20
Q

Some activities of human that can break the bedrock and can lead to sinkhole are the following:

Heavy loads on the surface
Drilling
Mining
Broken water/Drainpipes
Deep excavation

A

HUMAN CAUSE OF SINKHOLE

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21
Q

Loss of lives
Destruction of infrastructure
Loss of natural resources
Loss of property value
Medical cost in the event
Loss of water availability

A

EFFECTS OF LANDSLIDE/SINKHOLE

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22
Q

What compound are both can cause landslide and sinkhole?

A

H20

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23
Q

What shape is created in the depression of the sinkhole?

A

Circular

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23
What happens to soil foundation when impending signs occur?
Soil moves away from the foundation
23
What happens to creek water **when there are landslides to happen?**
Increase
23
What happens to** well water** in an impending sinkhole?
decrease
24
1. Some areas become saturated that is not usually wet 2. New cracks are created and bulge in the ground
IMPENDING SIGNS in LANDSLIDES
25
3. Soil is moving away from the foundation 4. Sunken or down-dropped of roadbeds
IMPENDING SIGNS in LANDSLIDES
26
5. Increase in creek water levels due to the increase of soil content 6. A sudden decrease in creek water level even if the rain is still falling or recently stopped
IMPENDING SIGNS in LANDSLIDES
27
7. Unusual sounds, such as trees and boulders knocking together 8. Broken water lines and other underground utilities
IMPENDING SIGNS in LANDSLIDES
28
9. Tilting or cracking of concrete floors 10.Offset fence lines
IMPENDING SIGNS in LANDSLIDES
28
1. Round circular depression in the earth * Before its collapse completely it will create a depression on the surface that sometimes a circular shape 2. Localized subsidence or depression all around the place
IMPENDING SIGNS in SINKHOLE
29
3. A circular lake or a large puddle * This indicates that a sinkhole is open and filled with water 4. Cracking of foundation
IMPENDING SIGNS in SINKHOLE
29
7. Earthy odor in the home after the rain 8. The separation between walls and floors
IMPENDING SIGNS in SINKHOLE
29
5. Trees or fence tilt or fall 6. Sudden drainage of a pond
IMPENDING SIGNS in SINKHOLE
30
9. Crack tiles 10.Dead grass or vegetation
IMPENDING SIGNS in SINKHOLE
31
Are maps that show geological features of the place.
Geological maps
32
Maps that show **folds, faults and other geologic structures** in an area
Structural map
33
Shows the distribution, nature and the age of the rock in the area or the place
Cross-section map
34
A record of a land area giving the **exact** position of the place and elevation of both **natural and manmade features** TM
Topographic map
35
1. Contour lines never cross to each other 2. The contour lines form a circle on the top of mountain and hills 3. Contour lines form closed circle are marked with straight lines indicate a depression 4. Contour lines that cross to the valley or stream created a V shape 5. The spacing of contour lines determined how steep the slope in the place
Rules for contour lines
36
A picture of the distribution of the earth’s material
Map
37
The description of map units or earth materials it is composed of color, name abbreviation and text describing the characteristic
Explanation
38
The size of geologic features shown in the map related to the actual size
Scale
39
Shows diagrams, names, and symbols used in the map
Symbols
39
It shows the **relative age** of the material found in the map
Correlation map units
40
A vertical line of the earth crust showing the rock layers on the map?
Cross-section
40
What type of map shows **three-dimensional features** of the surface of the earth? CLUE: TM
Topographic map
40
This type of map shows the **type of rocks** in an area
Cross-section map
41
These lines determine the **elevation and formation** of the landmass
Contour lines
41
The Action of reducing the severity or seriousness of an event.
MITIGATION
41
This process helps to locate areas that are prone to landslides.
HAZARD MAPPING
42
The following are mitigation for sinkhole EXCEPT? A. Chemical grouting b. Hire a building inspector C. Increase vegetation d. Replace utility pipes
INCREASE VEGETATION
43
An increase in vegetation cover is mitigation of what geological hazards?
LANDSLIDE
43
The process which injects chemicals in the ground that fills the cracks.
CHEMICAL GROUTING
44
Is a process or phenomena of **atmospheric nature** that cause loss of life and property or environmental damage
Hydrometeorological hazards
45
1. Hazards mapping- locate areas that are prone to landslides. This will be used to avoid the construction of a residential area. 2. Retaining walls- can be created to stop the land from slipping this is usually found in road and hill station
Mitigation strategies in Landslides
46
3. Surface drainage control works- use to prevent the movement of land due to infiltration of rainwater 4. Build a strong foundation that can withstand the movement of soil
Mitigation strategies in Landslides
47
5. Underground installations should be flexible to move during landslides 6. Increase vegetation cover- plants hold the soil that prevents erosion
Mitigation strategies in Landslides
48
7. Flattening the slope- it prevents soil movement downwards due to gravity 8. Installing geotextile to prevent the land to move or avoid erosion
Mitigation strategies in Landslides
48
9. Rockfall barriers are installed to catch big rocks that can fall in the slope 10. Development of restrictions and moratoriums to the area that is prone to landslides
Mitigation strategies in Landslides
49
Hire a building inspector - A land inspector will be able to survey your land and beneath it and they can tell you if it is at risk in a sinkhole
Mitigation in Sinkhole - Hire a building inspector
50
Replace old utility pipes - old water pipes can create a leak that can dissolve rocks that cause a sinkhole
Mitigation in Sinkhole - Replace old utility pipes
51
Install support pliers – these pliers help to support the house in case of the sinkhole
Mitigation in Sinkhole - Install support pliers
52
**Chemical grouting** is a process which it injects chemicals in the ground that fill the cracks and loose soil
Mitigation in Sinkhole - Chemical grouting
53
Report sinking roadways
Mitigation in Sinkhole
54
A **severe weather disturbance** with a strong wind and heavy rainfalls which form in a **low-pressure area**
Typhoon
55
What do you call the center of the typhoon?
EYE
56
A transient type of **weather disturbance** produced by cumulonimbus clouds, usually with **lightning, thunder and intense rainfall**
Thunderstorm
57
A* flood* characterize by the **great volume of water **caused by heavy rainfall in a short period. It occurs within minutes or hours .
Flash flood
58
A great flowing of water on the land that is not usually submerged. A flood occurs when water flows to the land faster than it absorbs
Flood
59
A Localized **unusual increase of seawater** beyond astronomical tide due to intense wind and tropical cyclone.
Storm surge
60
The unusual warming of sea surface temperature occurs in the central and eastern equator of pacific.
El Niño
61
The unusual cooling of the sea surface in the central and eastern pacific it may last 1-3 yrs.
La Niña
62
1. Strong winds 2. Dark clouds 3. Blowing debris 4. Barometers start to drop 5. Cirrus clouds start to appear
Impending Signs of Hydro-meteorological Hazards Typhoon
63
1. Cumulus/Shelf/Wall clouds formed **2. Lightning and thunder** 3. Wind blowing 4. Temperature drop
Impending Signs of Hydro-meteorological Hazards Thunderstorm
63
1. Intense rainfall 2. Dam failure 3. Slow-moving Tropical Storm 4. Check local weather channel
Impending Signs of Hydro-meteorological Hazards Flood/Flash flood
64
1. Typhoon is approaching 2. Strong winds 3. PAG-ASA **storm surge** warning signals
Impending Signs of Hydro-meteorological Hazards Storm surge
65
1. Extended dry season 2. Delayed rainy season 3. Weak monsoon activity 4. Fewer tropical cyclones
Impending Signs of Hydro-meteorological Hazards El Niño
66
1. Normal to above rainfall condition 2. Increase in a tropical storm.
Impending Signs of Hydro-meteorological Hazards La Niña
82
These are processes that involve the interaction of the atmosphere, bodies of water, and land which poses a threat to lives & human property.
Hydrometeorological Hazards
83
The sliding down of a mass of the Earth or rock from a mountain or a cliff.
Landslides
83
A tropical storm in the region of the Indian or Western Pacific Oceans.
Typhoon
83
A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.
Drought
84
5. An overflowing of a large amount of water beyond its normal confines, especially over what is normally dry.
Flood
85
Are developed to enlighten individuals about the areas that are vulnerable to a particular hazard and can be more affected by a disaster.
Hazard Maps
85
Are particularly made for Geological hazards (e.g. earthquakes, volcanic eruption), and Climate & Weather-related hazards or Meteorological hazards (e.g. typhoon, flood)
Hazard Maps
86
An example is if what a typhoon’s path and where it will landfall
3 main characteristics of Hazard Map - Location
87
A typhoon’s wind velocity and amount of rainfall
3 main characteristics of Hazard Map - Severity
87
A comparison of a disaster from the previous phenomenon.
3 main characteristics of Hazard Map - Likelihood of Occurrence
88
A __________ is a map that shows or represents an area of land that is exposed and/or vulnerable to a hydrometeorological hazard such as typhoons, storm surge, el niño, la niña, etc.
Meteorological Hazard Map
89
A natural hazard is defined as a natural occurrence or an event that causes potential damages that may result in loss of life or injury, property, socio-economic destruction, or environmental degradation. (e.g. Typhoon, El Niño, La Niña, etc.)
Climate and Weather Related Hazards
89
This tool operates on the principle of thermal expansion of the material used such as mercury and other metallic materials.
Thermometer
90
A tool used for measuring wind speed in revolutions per minute.
Anemometer
91
This instrument works by catching precipitation in a funnel-shaped collector attached to a measuring tube.
Rain gauge
91
An instrument used for measuring the **pressure** of the atmosphere.
Barometer
92
It is a device used for measuring wind direction and is usually combined with an anemometer.
Wind vane
93
A branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere.
Hydrometeorology
94
Studies the processes of the hydrological cycle that occur in the atmosphere namely; Evaporation, Condensation, and Precipitation, and in the ground such as rainfall interception, infiltration, and surface runoff.
Hydrometeorology
95
Measures the degree of hotness or coldness of a given substance. Measures air temperature.
Thermometer
96
Barometer. This tool measures air pressure. This tool is being used to tell whether or not the pressure is rising or falling. Sunny or rainy weather
Barometer
97
An anemometer is an instrument that measures wind speed and wind pressure.
Anemometer
97
One of the oldest meteorological instruments. It is a tool that indicates wind direction.
Wind Vane
98
A meteorological instrument that measures precipitation such as rain in a given amount of time per unit area.
Rain gauge
98
Which of the following BEST describes Anemometer? A. A tool that measures atmospheric pressure. B. A tool that measures how fast a wind moves. C. A tool that uses the principle of thermal expansion. D. All of the above.
B. A tool that measures how fast a wind moves.
99
Which of the following differs Torricellian barometer from the Aneroid barometer? A. It uses spring and needle for measurement. B. It uses mercury and a tube for air pressure reading. C. It uses cups or propellers for measuring wind speed. D. It uses different directions for identifying wind direction.
B. It uses mercury and a tube for air pressure reading.
99
How does a thermometer work? A. Thermometers follow the principle of thermal expansion. B. Thermometer is a tool that counts the number of rotations. C. Thermometer works by balancing the weight of mercury in the glass tube against the atmospheric pressure. D. Thermometer works by catching the falling
A. Thermometers follow the principle of thermal expansion.
100
Which of the following is/are TRUE about the Torricellian barometer? I. It was discovered in 1645 II. It is placed in a bath of mercury. II. It is used to measure atmospheric pressure.
II and III
100
Is a state of combustion in which fuel or other materials is ignited and combined with oxygen, giving off light, heat, and flame.
Fire
101
a self-sustaining run of reactions consisting of physical and chemical transformations.
Combustion
102
* Faulty electrical wiring or connection * LPG-related * Neglected cooking or stove * Cigarette butt * Unattended open flame: torch or sulo * Unattended open flame: candle or gasera
CAUSES OF FIRE PT. 1
103
* Matchstick or lighter * Direct flame contact or static electricity * Neglected electrical appliances or device * Electrical machinery * Chemicals * Incendiary device or ignited flammable liquid
CAUSES OF FIRE PT. 2
103
* Spontaneous combustion * Pyrotechnics * Bomb explosion * Lightning * Others (forest fire, vehicular fire, etc.)
CAUSES OF FIRE PT. 3
103
Is the first step when it comes to protecting yourself and your family from home fires.
Prevention
104
It has a goal to educate the public to take precautions to prevent potentially harmful fires.
FIRE PREVENTION
105
What can you do to help prevent a fire at work? a. Avoid using electrical equipment near flammable gases, vapors, and liquids b. Clutter your workspace with paper and other c. Use electrical wires near flammable gases and liquids
a. Avoid using electrical equipment near flammable gases, vapors, and liquids

DRRR MOD 1-6 (Q4 '24-25) (1 decks)

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