Module 1

Question 1

What evidence supports the idea that viruses are living things? What evidence contradicts this idea?

Answer 1

Supports viruses are living things: Can reproduce, contains genetic material and other organic molecules, can be “killed” and can mutate and adapt.
Contradict viruses are living things are they cannot reproduce outside of host, are not made up of cells, most don’t have DNA and don’t respond to environment

Question 2

What is the scientific method? What are the steps?

Answer 2

The scientific method is characterizes natural science and the steps are Observe, ?, hypothesize, predict, experiment and analyze.

Question 3

Reductionism

Answer 3

Studying complex systems by making observations about their simpler components

Question 4

Emergent properties

Answer 4

due to the arrangement and interactions of parts, complexity increases

Question 5

Theory

Answer 5

Body of scientific work in which rigorously tested and well-established facts and principles are used to make predictions

Question 6

atom

Answer 6

consists of 3 fundamental particles: electrons, neutrons and proton

Question 7

element

Answer 7

fundamental substance that consists of only 1 kind of atom

Question 8

essential element

Answer 8

element required for life that make up 96.3%.
COHN

Question 9

trace element

Answer 9

chemical elements in space amounts that make up 3.7%.
Ca, P,K, S, Na, Cl and Mg

Question 10

proton

Answer 10

+ in the nucleus

Question 11

neutron

Answer 11

uncharged in the nucleus

Question 12

electron

Answer 12

• charged outside of the nucleus

Question 13

ion

Answer 13

element or molecule w/ an electric charge due to the loss of electron.
H+, Cl- snd Ca 2+

Question 14

isotope

Answer 14

Form of an element that has the same # of protons but different # of neutrons in it’s nucleus

Question 15

radioisotope

Answer 15

decay that emits a subatomic particles at a constant rate (half-life)

Question 16

ionic bond

Answer 16

results in formation of ions and ions attract one another due to opposite charges

Question 17

salt

Question 18

electronegativity

Answer 18

an atom’s tendency to attract electrons from another atom

Question 19

polar bond

Answer 19

two atoms in which electrons are shared unequally

Question 20

nonpolar bond

Answer 20

Atoms in which electrons are shared equally between the atoms.

Question 21

covalent bond

Answer 21

chemical bond formed between atoms by sharing of electrons

Question 22

Which 4 elements make up the bulk of living matter?

Answer 22

CHON

Question 23

Describe the basic structure of an atom; where in the atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons found?

Answer 23

Atom (building block of matter) consists of small particles called protons, neutrons and electrons, electrons outside the nucleus and the other 2 are in the nucleus

Question 24

How is Ca2+ different from Ca? What does the “2+” mean?

Answer 24

Ca+2 is a calcium ion that has lost 2 outer valence electrons resulting in Ca2+.

Question 25

How are ions formed?

Question 26

How are radioisotopes useful to us? Why are they harmful?

Question 27

Be able to predict whether a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar

Question 28

Why do atoms in polar covalent bonds have partial charges?

Question 29

What do the symbols δ+ and δ- mean?

Question 30

How is an ionic bond formed?

Question 31

What are van der Waal’s interactions and why do they form?

Question 32

What is the strongest type of chemical bond? What is the weakest? Do all covalent bonds have the same strength?