Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Histology and Embryology > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the study of the microanatomy of cells, tissues, and organs as seen through a microscope;
It also examines the correlation between its structure and function.

A

Histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

involves the study of cells, which are building block of life

A

Scope of Histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It progresses from cellular level and has four major types of tissues in the body

A

Body tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Four major types of tissues in the body

A

Connective tissue
Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissues
Nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a group of tissues with similar functions

A

organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functionally related organs often cooperate forms ______

A

organ system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Contributors in the development of histology

A
  1. Robert Hooke
  2. Anton van Leewenhoek
  3. Sir William Henry Perkin
  4. August Franz Josed Karl Mayer
  5. Marie Francois Xavier Bichat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

contributed one of the first major milestones in histology came in 1665 with the publication of a small book called ‘Micrographia’ by Robert Hooke (which is recognized as the first published record of the word ‘cell’.

A

Robert Hooke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

He has been attributed as the first person to use a histological stain to color specimens observed under the microscope using saffron.

A

Anton van Leewenhoek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A British chemist and entrepreneur best known for his serendipitous discovery of the first synthetic organic dye, mauveine, made from aniline

A

Sir William Henry Perkin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The word histology was coined in 1819 by one A. Mayer, a German anatomist, from “le tissu” in French, the Greek word for cloth is “histos”

A

August Franz Josef Karl Mayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The father of modern histology and pathology

A

Marie François Xavier Bichat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Selected Branches of Science Related to the Study Histology

A
  1. Surgical Pathology
  2. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
  3. Stem Cell Biology
  4. Cancer Patho-physiology
  5. Histopathology
  6. Autopsy
  7. Oral histology
  8. Cytopathology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

is the study of tissues removed from living patients during surgery to help diagnose a disease and determine a treatment plan

A

Surgical Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

It involves the process of selectively identifying antigens (proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues

A

Immunohistochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

is the study of specific type of stem cells capable of evolving into many different types of specialized cells within the body

A

stem cell biology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

it refers to disease processes characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of cells

A

Cancer Patho-physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease.

A

Histopathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

is a medical procedure involving the examination of a dead body.

A

Autopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describes in detail the tissues of the teeth, periodontium, and the surrounding oral mucosa.

A

Oral histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is the study of disease at the cellular level.

A

Cytopathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

uses of histology

A

in education
diagnosis for treatment
in forensic investigations
in archeology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

It helps students to understand and recognize different types of tissues and bridges the gap between anatomy and physiology by showing what happens to tissues at the cellular level.

A

use of histology in education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Biological tissue samples taken from a patient enable medical experts to learn and understand more the patient’s condition and make recommendations for its treatment or management.

A

use of histology in diagnosis treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Forensic histology, immunohistochemistry and cytology involving microscopic study of biological tissues using various stains can help clarify the cause of sudden unexpected deaths and other issues in forensic science.

A

use of histology in forensic investigations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Study of biological cells and tissues recovered from archaeological sites can provide information about history, even ancient history.

A

use of histology in archaeology

27
Q

Tissues are made of two interacting components namely _____ and its _____

A

cells
extracellular matrix

28
Q

it provide a mechanical support for the cells,
Transport nutrients to the cells,
Carry away catabolites and secretory products.

A

extracellular matrix

29
Q

common orientations of tissue sections

A
  1. longitudinal section
  2. Oblique section
  3. Cross/ Transverse section
  4. Tangential section
30
Q

Preparation of Tissues for Study

A

Fixation
Dehydration
Clearing
Infiltration
Embedding

31
Q

a cut that is parallel to the longest dimension of the organ or specimen.

A

longitudinal section

32
Q

a cut that is at any angle between the longitudinal and transverse planes.

A

oblique section

33
Q

a cut that is perpendicular to the main plane of the organ or specimen

A

cross/ transverse section

34
Q

a section that only grazes the surface of a spherical structure.

A

tangential section

35
Q

Application of chemical fixatives; this is a crucial step in tissue preparation, and its purpose is to prevent tissue autolysis (where the tissue destroys itself) and putrefaction

A

Fixation

36
Q

process wherein the cell kills itself or self destructs

A

apoptosis

37
Q

is the first step, which involves immersing your species in increasing concentrations of alcohol to remove the water and formalin from the tissue (to be preserved)

A

dehydration

38
Q

an organic solvent such as xylene is used to remove the alcohol and allow infiltration with paraffin wax.

A

clearing

39
Q

issue is placed in melted paraffin until it becomes completely infiltrated with this substance

A

infiltration

40
Q

final step, where specimens are infiltrated with the embedding agent - usually paraffin wax.

A

embedding

41
Q

resulting paraffin block is trimmed to expose the tissue for sectioning (slicing) on a _____

A

microtome

42
Q

allow highly trained pathologists and researchers to view, under a microscope, tissue morphology (structure) or to look for the presence or prevalence of particular cell types, structures or even microorganisms

A

stains

43
Q

Methods of studying Tissues

A

Preparation of Tissues for Study
Light Microscopy
Autoradiography
Cell & Tissue Culture
Enzyme Histochemistry
Visualizing Specific Molecules
Interpretation of Structures in Tissue Sections

44
Q

A technique using X-ray film to visualize molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labeled

A

autoradiography

45
Q

as it being used to analyze the length and number of DNA Fragments after they are separated from one another by a method called gel electrophoresis

A

autoradiography

46
Q

is a vital part of life science research
It is where live cells and tissues can be maintained and studied outside the body in culture (in vitro)

A

cell and tissue culture

47
Q

As cells are generally colorless, they need to be stained so that they can be easily viewed under the microscope.

A

tissue staining

48
Q

four types of tissue staining

A

Empirical
Histochemical
Enzymehistochemical
Immunohistochemical

49
Q

simple stains used since many years and discovered by trial and error. They cause different coloration of the various components of the cells and tissues, allowing their ultrastructure to be viewed more clearly.

A

Empirical

50
Q

uses mixture of three different dyes to stain different components of tissues

A

Empirical: Trichome

51
Q

color muscle tissues yellow, and collagen

A

Empirical: van Gieson

52
Q

involves using stains that are specific to a particular molecule within the sample, allowing the chemical components of cells and tissues to be observed under the microscope.

A

Histochemical

53
Q

uses a staining agent to identify and locate activity of specific enzymes.
For the enzymes to be active, this method requires the use of fresh tissue, which is generally incubated together with the substrate specific to the enzymes being observed.

A

enzymehistochemical

54
Q

Use specific enzymatic activities in lightly and fixed or unfixed tissue sections to produce visible products in the specific enzyme location.

A

enzyme histochemistry aka cytochemistry

55
Q

Fixation and paraffin embedding denatures most enzymes so histochemistry uses frozen tissue sections with _____

A

cryostat

56
Q

Classes of Enzyme that can be detected histochemically (tissue preparation)

A

Phosphatases
Dehydrogenases
Peroxidases

57
Q

which can be remove phosphate groups from macromolecules

A

Phosphatases

58
Q

which transfer hydrogen ions from one substrate to another such as many enzymes of the citric acid (Kreb cycle) allowing histochemical identification of such enzymes in mitochondria.

A

Dehydrogenases

59
Q

which promotes the oxidation of substrates with the transfer of hydrogen ions to hydrogen peroxide

A

Peroxidases

60
Q

a specific macromolecules present in tissue section that specifically bind certain targets in cells

A

visualizing specific molecules

61
Q

uses antibodies to detect specific cell molecules within tissue
the antibodies are often attached to enzymes or immunofluorescence, that will induce a color change at the site of interest
this method is also important in identifying abnormal cells, such as cancer cells
immunofluorescence microscope
fluorescent dye applied to the cell

A

Immunohistochemical

62
Q

a powerful microscopy-based technique for visualizing cellular components, for instance proteins or other macromolecules in tissue samples
it is based on specific reactions between an antigen and antibodies labeled with visible markers often fluorescent compounds or peroxidase for light microscopy and gold particles for TEM

A

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) / Immunocytochemistry

63
Q

specific antibody that can attached to the antigen

A

antigen

64
Q

chroma is added to your tissue culture

A

secondary antigen

General Histology and Embryology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions