Module 1 Flashcards
systemic anatomy
organization of the body’s organs into systems that work together for a common function
integumentary system
dermatology: skin, nails, sweat glands, largest sensory organ
skeletal system
osteology: bones and cartilage (shape, support, and movement)
articular system
arthrology: joints and ligaments
muscular system
myology: muscles (movement of the limbs and support of the structures)
nervous system
neurology: CNS and PNS (coordinates the body’s responses and functions conscious and unconscious
circulatory system
angiology: cardiovascular and lymphatic (blood and excess tissue fluid)
digestive system
gastroenterology: digestion and absorption of food and nutrients for the body to function
urinary system
urology: filter blood, store, produce, transport, and excrete urine
reproductive system
gynecology/andrology
endocrine system
endocrinology: glands that secrete and are responsible for hormone production and secretion
regional anatomy
separates the body into parts and then goes about identifying the different systems involved
clinical anatomy
applies knowledge of regional and systemic anatomy to clinical scenarios. Identifies the clinical applications of different parts of the body
anatomical postion
baseline body position to describe parts of the body
What does anatomical position look like?
Head, eyes, and toes are pointed straight (anteriorly).
Arms (upper limbs) are at the sides with palms facing forward (anteriorly)
superficial
closer to the outside of the body
The skin is ? to the heart
superficial
intermediate
in the middle of the body
The pectoralis major is ? to skin and pectoralis minor
intermediate
deep
within the body
The pectoralis minor is ? to the skin
deep
medial
closer to the midline
midline
an imaginary line that splits the body into two equal halves
The heart is ? to the humerus
medial
lateral
away from the midline
The humerus is ? to the sternum
lateral
anterior
towards the front of the body
The stomach is ? to the vertebral column
anterior
posterior
towards the back
The vertebral column is ? to the heart
posterior
ventral
anterior, mainly used within the trunk
dorsal
posterior, mainly used in the trunk
inferior
towards the bottom
The fibula is ? to the clavicle
inferior
superior
towards the top
The sternum is ? to the pelvis
superior
caudal
cauda = tail, towards the bottom of the spine
cephalad
ceph = head, towards the top of the spine
proximal
closer to a midpoint
The humerus is ? to the ulna
proximal
distal
away from a midpoint
The tibia is ? to the femur
distal
unilateral
on one side of the body
for example, a unilateral paralysis is a paralysis on one side of the body
bilateral
on both sides of the body
a bilateral paralysis is the paralysis of both sides of the body
ipsilateral
on the same side of the body
the right sternocleidomastoid muscle of the neck turns laterally flexes ?
ipsilaterally
contralateral
on opposite side of the body
the right sternocleidomastoid muscle of the neck rotates ?
contralaterally
frontal plane
divides the body into front and back (front view)
medial plane
divides the body into left and right halves that are equal
the foot and the hand have their own median planes
sagital plane
runs anterior to posterior (side view)
horizontal plane
divides the body into superior and inferior
coronal axes of motion
allows motion in the sagittal plane
anterior-posterior axes of motion
allows motion in the frontal plane
longitudinal (vertical) axes of motion
rotation: movement around a long axis
