Module 1 Flashcards
At what altitude does the amount of gas in the GI system triple?
25,000 feet
The percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere at 250,000 feet (76km) is:
21%
How much does PaO2 drop for every increase in altitude?
5
Which of the following is not affected by ascent
Barotitis media
Stagnant hypoxia results from
A failure to transport oxygenated blood
A patient’s pneumothorax increasing in size as altitude
Increases is an example of which gas law?
Boyle’S
Carbonation being released when opening a can or soda
Is an example of which gas law?
Henry’s
Barotitis media usually presents during:
An aircraft’s descent from altitude
One ounce (29.5 ml) of alcohol is the physiologic equivalent of how much altitude?
2,000’ (0.6km)
Which condition is most commonly found on descent?
Barotitis media
Charles’ law states that:
A volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of a gas.
Reduced atmospheric pressure causing a reduced alveolar PO2 is an example of which hypoxia?
Hypoxia
You are preparing a trauma patient with a closed head injury and blunt chest trauma for a 2-hour, fixed-wing transport. The patient is intubated, paralyzed, and sedated. Vital signs are: blood pressure, 110/76 mm Hg; respirations, 16 breaths/minute by ventilator; heart rate, 118 beats/minute and showing sinus tachycardia on the monitor; and an SaO2 of 96% with 0.5 FIO2. The CT scan shows a moderate subarachnoid bleed and chest x-ray reveals a 25% pneumothorax on the right. You are currently at 500’ (152 m) above sea level, and the aircraft will reach a cabin pressure of 8,000’ (2.4 km) en route to the tertiary care facility. Which of the following is your best option during this flight?
Place a chest tube prior to departure to counteract the effects of Boyle’s law
The individual pressures of all gases equaling the total atmospheric pressure is:
Dalton’s law
What is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen at sea level? Hint: The approximate barometric pressure of the atmosphere at sea level is 760 torr.
160 torr
You are told that if you give 200 mg of drug X, that 160 mg will make it through first pass metabolism without being metabolized. What is the bioavailability of drug X?
80%
Which type or drug has the best chance to pass the cell membrane through diffusion?
Hydrophobic drugs/ lipophilic drugs
In the kinetics of metabolism, what order gives a linear graph of [S] vs time and is most often seen when a large amount of drug needs to be eliminated from the body?
Zero-order kinetics
The first-pass metabolism is a significant principle of drug distribution. Where in the body is this effect mitigated?
Liver
What is the major site or drug metabolism?
Liver
You have performed an RSI on a 100 kg patient that requires an analgesic for coverage during a 2 hour transport. Which of the following medications is MOST appropriate?
200 mcg fentanyl iv, 2.5mg midazolam, 2mg dilaudid, 300 mcg fentanyl iv
2mg dilaudid
Atropine is used in pediatric patients under the age of 2 y/o for Rapid Sequence Induction. Which of the following reasons BEST describes the primary effects of atropine in this situation?
Maintains Cardiac output despite the inability to increase inotropy
What is the appropriate dose for proposal
5-50mg/kg/min
You have performed an RSI using succinylcholine and you notice that your intubated patients EtCO2 rises from 35 to 65 in the span of 2 minutes. Which of the following pharmalogical treatments is MOST appropriate?
2.5mg/kg dantrolene iv
You have performed an RSI using succinylcholine and you notice that your intubated patients EtCO2 rises from 35 to 65 in the span of 2 minutes. Which of the following pharmalogical treatments is MOST appropriate?
Succinylcholine raises the serum potassium approximately 0.5 and that would put the patient into a dangerous range.
While preparing drugs for administration for rapid-sequence intubation (RSI), you select etomidate. Although you know that etomidate has no absolute contraindications, you do know that it has a high incidence of:
Myocionic muscle movements
You performed an RSI on a trauma patient and used succinylcholine. You were able to perform a successful intubation and gave a non depolarizing NMBA. The patient was placed on a ventilator with a Vt 400, Rate 18, FiO2 0.80, and PEEP 5. During the transport you notice that the EtCO2 rose from 35 to 60. You check the ventilator and oxygen and did not find any problems. What do you suspect?
Malignant hyperthermia
What enzyme breaks up acetylcholine after it delivers a biological response in the somatic nervous system?
Acetylcholinesterase
What is the appropriate dose of rocuronium?
0.6 -1.2mg/kg (sometimes as much as 2mg/kg)
You are tranporting a trauma patient that you performed an RSI. The patient weights 90 kg. You notice the patient is tachycardic and there may be some tearing present. What is the most appropriate action?
Treat the patient’s pain. 150 mcg fentanyl
